Artificial intelligence based ECG signal classification of sendetary, smokers and athletes

The current study deals with the design of a computer aided diagnosis procedure to classify 3 groups of people with different lifestyles, namely sedentary, smoker and athletes. The ECG Classification based on statistical analysis of HRV and ECG features. The heart rate variability (HRV) parameters and ECG statistical features were used for the pattern recognition in Artificial Intelligence classifiers. The ECG was recorded for a particular time duration using the EKG sensor. The HRV, time domain and wavelet parameters were calculated using NI BIOMEDICAL STARTUP KIT 3.0 and LABVIEW 2010. The important HRV features, time domain and wavelet features were calculated by the statistical non-linear classifiers (CART and BT).the important parameters were fed as input to artificial intelligence classifiers like ANN and SVM. The Artificial Intelligence classifiers like artificial neural network (ANN) and Support vector Machine (SVM) were used to classify 60 numbers of ECG signal. It was observed from result that the Multi layer perceptron (MLP) based ANN classifier gives an accuracy of 95%, which is highest among other the classifiers. The HRV study implies that the time domain parameters (RMSSD and PNN50), frequency domain parameters (HF power and LF/HF peak), Poincare parameter (SD1) and geometric parameters (RR triangular index and TINN) are higher in athlete class and lower in smoker class. The Higher values of HRV parameters indicate increase in parasympathetic activity and decrease in sympathetic activity of the ANS. This indicates that the athlete class has better heath and less chance of cardiovascular diseases where smoker class has high chances of cardiovascular diseases. These HRV parameters of sedentary class were higher than smoker class but lower than athlete class. This indicates less chances of cardiovascular disease in sedentary class as compared to smoker class

Impact of Ammonium Based Ionic Liquids on the Conformation of Bovine serum albumin (BSA)

In this study, impact of different ammonium based ionic liquids on the structure of Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by different spectroscopic methods like, UV-vis, fluorescence and CD spectroscopy. Fluorescence results reveal that the ILs has no significant impact on the environment of tryptophan residues. From the Far-UV CD results, it was observed that these ILs increase the α-helicity of the protein, BSA. Near-UV CD study confirms the fluorescence results whereas it shows the alteration of tertiary structure of BSA especially around disulphide bonds

Extension Property

Here, we study games of incomplete information and argue that it is important to correctly specify the “context ” within which hierarchies of beliefs lie. We consider a situation where the players understand more than the analyst: It is transparent to the players—but not to the analyst—that certain hierarchies of beliefs are precluded. In particular, the players ’ type structure can be viewed as a strict subset of the analyst’s type structure. How does this affect a Bayesian equilibrium analysis? One natural conjecture is that this doesn’t change the analysis—i.e., every equilibrium of the players’ type structure can be associated with an equilibrium of the analyst’s type structure. We show that this conjecture is wrong. Bayesian equilibrium may fail an Extension Property. This can occur even in the case where the game is finite and the analyst uses the so-called universal structure (to analyze the game)—and, even, if the associated Bayesian game has an equilibrium. We go on to explore specific situations in which th

Seroepidemiology of Toxocariasis in Children (5-15 yr Old) Referred to the Pediatric Clinic of Imam Hossein Hospital, Isfahan, Iran.

BACKGROUND: Human toxocariasis, a helminthozoonosis, is due to the migration of Toxocara species larvae into human organisms. Humans, especially children become infected by ingesting of embryonated eggs from soil, dirty hands, and raw vegetables. Seroprevalence of this infection is high in developed countries, especially in rural areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroepidemiology of Toxocariasis in children referred to the pediatric clinic of Imam Hossein hospital, Isfahan, Iran. METHODS: In this cross sectional study the sera of children aged 5 to 15 years old, admitted to Imam Hossein Pediatric Hospital were collected during 2013-14. Then the sera were examined for anti Toxocara canis antibodies using commercial ELISA kit. RESULTS: From 427 children, 196 (45.9%) were female and 231(54.1%) were male. 107(25.1%) were from rural and 320 (74.9%) were from urban area. Of them 129 (30.2%) were contacted with dog. One child (0.2%) had hypereosinophilia, 33 (7.7%) eosinophlia, and 6 (1.39%) were positive for T. canis IgG (two male and four female). Four of infected children with T. canis were from urban (1.25%) and two from rural areas (1.9%). There was no significant correlation between education of parents, gender, age, place of living and contact with dog with ELISA results test. CONCLUSION: Toxocariasis is prevalent in the children of Isfahan region. Results suggest a low Toxocara exposure in children in this area. Therefore, more risk factors associated with Toxocara exposure should be identified in the further investigatio

Essays on oil: project evaluation and investment impact

This thesis was submitted for the award of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University LondonThis thesis contains three essays related to fixed investment and crude oil. The first essay examines the implications of building a cross-border oil infrastructure project within the context of the bargaining problem (the Nash bargaining solution, and the alternating offer bargain of Rubinstein). We examine the viability of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline project, which is employed as a case study - for the multinational corporation, and the three host countries (Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Georgia) by examining the profitability of the project for each partner with two different bargaining formulations (simultaneous and sequential bargaining). The findings suggest that the project is feasible for the partners when the transit charge is greater than $3 per barrel (this is the Break-Even charge at which the project produces a zero total surplus); but for a tariff charge higher than this rate, the project generates returns for each participant greater than his outside option. Furthermore, the outcomes show how with bargaining over discounted flows, each bargaining scenario results in a different total surplus. Thus, the participants’ discount rates, their bargaining orders, and their outside options are the determinants of the gross payoffs they receive over the life of the project. The second essay examines the effect of oil abundance on domestic investment in 22 oil-exporting non-OECD countries over the period 1996-2010. Employing static and dynamic panel estimators, the oil impact is investigated in light of other investment determinants which reflect government policies including output growth, inflation, the exchange rate, and financial and openness factors. Estimation results indicate that oil abundance exerts an adverse effect on gross domestic investment in these countries, implying the necessity of improving institutional quality and oil management polices to better exploit oil revenues and direct them towards enhancing domestic investment, thereby sustained economic growth in these countries. The third essay examines the effect of the oil price and oil price volatility on domestic fixed investment in a group of oil-importing OECD countries from 1970 to 2012 within the framework of the production function. Estimation results indicate that there is a long run relationship running from oil prices and the other control variables (output, trade, inflation, and the exchange rate) to investment where the long run coefficient on the oil price is negative and significant, but the short run coefficient on oil prices is insignificant. Thus, the outcomes of this study indicate that high oil prices are contributing to investment decline, which affirms the importance of adopting long run energy policies that might lessen investment reliance on non-renewable energy sources

Improving manufacturing processes by value stream mapping in a make to order environment : Case Oilon Oy

Companies need to develop their manufacturing processes to keep up with the competition of the global industry. Competitiveness is improved by redefining and redesigning the manufactur- ing system. Companies worldwide have implemented the concept of lean to develop their man- ufacturing processes. Lean consists of principles, methods, and tools which eliminate waste and increase the efficiency of processes. Value stream mapping (VSM) is proven to be an effective tool for redefining and redesigning the manufacturing system. A VSM analysis can be applied to a make to order (MTO) environment with a fitted framework. The thesis is conducted as a case study to Oilon Oy. The research question for the thesis is as follows: How can Oilon Oy’s manufacturing processes be developed by value stream mapping? The objectives for the thesis are: 1) define the value stream mapping process, 2) define how the product flows in the current manufacturing process, 3) define the future state of the manufac- turing process, and 4) define the improvements and requirements to achieve the future state. To address these objectives, a VSM analysis is conducted on Oilon Oy’s manufacturing plan in Kokkola, Finland. The theoretical framework of this thesis includes theory of lean and value stream mapping. The theory of VSM consists of conducting a traditional VSM analysis as well as implementing VSM to a MTO environment. The thesis is conducted as a qualitative case study which uses data trian- gulation in validating the data used. Primary data collection methods for the thesis are a litera- ture review, interviews, observation, and workshops. Reports from the case company’s ERP sys- tem are secondary quantitative data that act as a support for the collected primary data. In the results of the study, four phases of the VSM analysis were identified. Each phase included several steps to make a suitable framework for applying it to a MTO environment. The current state of the manufacturing process was defined in the first workshop. 16 different wastes and several additional issues were identified to be impairing the manufacturing flow. The future state was designed and defined in the second workshop event. 16 different terms for the future state were defined. The working plan for the implementation of the future state was planned and defined in the third and final workshop. Following figures present the potential of the future state: production lead time is reduced by 35 %, non-value adding time is reduced by 62 %, the share of value adding time of the production lead time is increased by 13 percentage points, and the value of First Pass Yield is increased by 40 percentage points

Strained and Unstrained Sandwich Compounds: From Small Molecules to Polymers

The synthesis and characterization of aluminum, gallium, and indium dichlorides decorated with the bulky Mamx [Mamx = 2,4-tBu2-6-(Me2NCH2)C6H2] ligand are described. The salt-metathesis reaction of (Mamx)ECl2 (E = Al, Ga) with dilithioferrocene and dilithioruthenocene yielded strained [1]ferrocenophanes ([1]FCPs) and [1]ruthenocenophanes ([1]RCPs), respectively, with aluminum and gallium as bridging elements. Galla[1]ruthenocenophane was isolated from the reaction mixture, while other aluminum- and gallium-bridged [1]FCPs and [1]RCPs spontaneously ring-open polymerized under conditions of their formation reactions and produced metallopolymers. Galla[1]ruthenocenophane was polymerized using Karstedt’s catalyst, which yielded poly(ruthenocenylgallane). Aluminum- and gallium-bridged bis(ferrocenyl) species were prepared by reacting lithioferrocene with respective dichlorides. DFT calculations were performed to study the structure and reactivity of these new [1]metallocenophanes. Particularly, the role of the bulky Mamx ligand and its influence on the high reactivity of these strained sandwich species was investigated. (Mamx)InCl2 was reacted with dilithioferrocene and resulted in indium-bridged [1]FCP, [1.1]FCP and oligomers. However, the reaction of (Mamx)InCl2 with dilithioferrocene, substituted with two isopropyl groups ortho to lithium atoms, resulted in inda[1]ferrocenophane selectively. However, this inda[1]ferrocenophane could not be isolated as it spontaneously polymerized under conditions of its formation reaction. The synthesis and characterization of aluminum and gallium dichlorides decorated with the slim p-SiMe3Ar′ [p-SiMe3Ar′ =5-Me3Si-2-(Me2NCH2)C6H3] and Mpysm [Mpysm = (2-C5H4N)Me2SiCH2] ligands are described. These dichlorides were utilized to synthesize group-13-bridged [1.1]FCPs and bis(ferrocenyl) species. Bis(ferrocenyl) species with SiMe2- and SiEt2-bridges were described as well. Two similar species, bis(1'-bromoferrocenyl)dialkylsilane (alkyl = Me, Et) were also prepared. The reaction of bis(1'-lithioferrocenyl)dialkylsilane with tin and gallium dichlorides resulted in unsymmetrically bridged [1.1]FCPs as well as poly(ferrocene)s with two different elements as altering bridges. These poly(ferrocene)s consist of a series of linear and cyclic species. Using either crystallization or column chromatography, some species were isolated. The reactions of dilithioferrocene with dialkyltin dichlorides also yielded polymers that contained a mixture of linear and cyclic species. Some species were isolated by column chromatography. These [1.1]FCPs, bis(ferrocenyl) species and other isolated species with heavier group 13 and/or group 14 element bridges contained two or more iron redox centers. The electronic communication between these redox centers were investigated using several electrochemical methods