Physicochemical Characterization And Antioxidant Capacity Of Pitanga Fruits (eugenia Uniflora L.) [caracterização Fisico-química E Capacidade Antioxidante De Pitangas (eugenia Uniflora L.)]

This study was carried out to obtain more information about the physicochemical properties, composition, and antioxidant activity of pitanga fruits (Eugenia uniflora L.), particularly fruits from the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Pitanga with different flesh colors (purple, red, and orange) from tree selections cultivated at Embrapa Clima Temperado (RS-Brazil) were analyzed. Only slight differences were observed in the quality parameters and in the proximate and fatty acid compositions among the fruits studied. The extracts from purple-fleshed pitanga had the highest total phenolic and anthocyanin contents along with the highest antioxidant capacity. The antioxidant capacity (DPPH and FRAP assays) of methanolic pitanga extracts was highly correlated with the total phenolic content, but in ethanolic extracts, the anthocyanin content was correlated only with the FRAP antioxidant capacity. Orange fleshed pitanga had higher β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene levels than those of the red fruit, which had higher lycopene content. The results indicate that the purple-fleshed pitanga, cultivated in Rio Grande do Sul, is a rich source of phenolic compounds and has high antioxidant capacity. The red and orange-fleshed pitanga, on the other hand, are rich sources of carotenoids.311147154Abidille, M.D.H., Antioxidant activity of the extracts from Dillenia indica fruits (2005) Food Chemistry, 90 (4), pp. 891-896Adebajo, A.C., Oloki, K.J., Aladesanmi, A., Antimicrobial activity of the leaf extract of Eugenia uniflora (1989) Journal of Phytotherapy Resource, 3 (6), pp. 258-259Aherne, S.A., O'Brien, N.M., Dietary flavonols: Chemistry, food content, and metabolism (2002) Nutrition, 18 (1), pp. 75-81(1995) Official methods of analysis of the Association of the Official Analytical Chemists, , ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS-AOAC, 16th ed. 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2) O reconhecimento do padrão morfofonológico dos afixos verbais na aquisição inicial do português brasileiro *

Inglês: On the recognition of the morphophonological pattern of verbal affixes in the early acquisition of Brazilian PortugueseThe early sensitivity to the morphophonological pattern of verbal affixes in fluent speech in the acquisition Brazilian Portuguese (BP) is investigated in the light of the phonological bootstrapping hypothesis and minimalist assumptions. A Headturn Preferential Procedure experiment is reported. The results suggest that by the age of 10 months infants are sensitive to the morphophonological pattern of verbal affixes.Key words: functional categories, language acquisition, phonological boots trapping, verbal affixes.Tradução: A sensibilidade de infantes a afixos verbais na fala fluente, na aquisição do português brasileiro, é investigada à luz da hipótese do bootstrapping fonológico e de pressupostos minimalistas. Um experimento no paradigma da escuta preferencial é relatado. Os resultados demonstram que crianças com cerca de 10 meses são sensíveis a alterações no padrão morfofonológico de afixos verbais do português.Palavras-chave: afixos verbais; aquisição da linguagem; categorias funcionais; desencadeamento fonológico

Terapia fonológica: a generalização para outra posição na palavra Phonological therapy: the generalization to other position in the word

OBJETIVO: analisar a eficácia de três modelos de terapia com base fonológica em sujeitos com diferentes gravidades do desvio fonológico. MÉTODOS: o grupo pesquisado foi constituído de 21 crianças, 11 do sexo masculino e dez do feminino, com média de idade de 5:7 anos. Os dados da fala dos sujeitos foram analisados por meio da avaliação fonológica. Após a realização da análise contrastiva, foi calculado o Percentual de Consoantes Corretas proposto por Shriberg e Kwiatkowski (1982) e os sujeitos foram classificados em diferentes gravidades do desvio fonológico em desvio severo, moderado-severo, médio-moderado e médio. Sendo seis sujeitos submetidos ao Modelo de Ciclos Modificado, oito ao Modelo ABAB-Retirada e Provas Múltiplas, e sete ao Modelo Oposições Máximas Modificado. Fez-se uma comparação da generalização para outras posições da palavra entre os três modelos de terapia em cada gravidade. RESULTADOS: a generalização a outras posições na palavra ocorreu em todos os modelos estudados, todavia, os maiores percentuais de acertos obtidos foram no Modelo ABAB-Retirada e Provas Múltiplas, no grupo com desvio severo; no Modelo Oposições Máximas Modificado, nos grupos com desvio moderado-severo e médio-moderado; e nos Modelos Oposições Máximas Modificado e ABAB-Retirada e Provas Múltiplas, no grupo com desvio médio. CONCLUSÃO: todos os sujeitos apresentaram evoluções no sistema fonológico e quanto à generalização para outras posições na palavra, sendo em maior percentual nos modelos ABAB-Retirada e Provas Múltiplas e Oposições Máximas Modificado.<br>PURPOSE: to analyze the efficacy in the three models of therapy with phonological basement in subjects with different degrees of phonological disorder severity. METHODS: the subjects in this research were 21 children, eleven males and ten females, with age mean: 5:7. Speech data were analyzed through the performance of the phonological assessment. After the phonological assessment, the percentage of correct consonants proposed by Shriberg & Kwiatkowski (1982) was calculated and the subjects were then classified in the severity degrees regarding the phonological disorder in: severe, moderate-severe, mild-moderate and mild disorder. Six0 subjects were submitted to the Modified Cycles Model, 8 to the ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes Model and 7 to the Modified Maximum Opposition Model. Making the comparison the generalization to other position in the word among three models of therapy within each degree of phonological disorder severity. RESULTS: the generalization to other position in the word occurred in all the studied models, however, ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes Model were more effective to the group with severe disorder; the Modified Maximum Opposition Model to the group with moderate-severe and mild-moderate disorder; and the Modified Maximum Opposition and the ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes Models to the group with mild disorder. CONCLUSION: all the subjects showed gains in the phonological system and relation to generalization of the other positions in the word, but the ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes and Modified Maximum Opposition Models were more effective