For-Profit Higher Education and Community Colleges

The recent growth of for-profit educational providers has been one of the most watched trends in higher education (Blumenstyk, 2000; Burd, 1998; Selingo, 1999; Strosnider, 1998). Despite the widespread attention, surprisingly little concrete information exists about the for-profit phenomenon. Although the for-profit sector is not the only source of new competition in higher education, the highly publicized growth of some for-profit institutions has generated increasing anxiety among both private non-profit and public colleges and universities. To develop a better understanding of how these institutions compare to public community colleges with respect to their students and programs, the Community College Research Center joined with the National Center for Postsecondary Improvement (NCPI) to conduct a two-year study. The objective was to determine whether these two types of institutions are competitive or complementary and how community colleges have responded to the growth of the for-profits

Why Does the SEC Hate Lawyers and Will the Bitterness Ever Go Away: A Review of the Reasons for the Current State of this Relationship and a Proposed Path Forward

The United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC” or “Commission”) and its staff (“Staff”) have brought numerous actions against lawyers in a variety of contexts over the last several years. These enforcement actions have arguably prevented zealous advocacy as well as potentially leaving lawyers reluctant to make certain arguments on behalf of their clients so as to avoid potential disciplinary actions against them. While it is important for the Commission and its Staff to ensure that lawyers do not engage in violative conduct, this Article notes that the SEC and its Staff’s actions should be limited to only those occasions where the conduct is notorious and obvious. To avoid unwarranted interference in the right to counsel, this Article argues, at the very least, that the SEC should instead of bringing circumspect actions: (1) clarify the SEC’s approach to its use of Rule 102(e); (2) make mandatory referrals to state bar associations; and (3) create an independent board to review potential SEC actions against lawyers to ensure the good faith nature of the proposed action

THE SAUDI WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT LEVEL AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN LIGHT OF SAUDI'S VISION 2030

The current research seeks to investigate the level of empowerment of the Saudi women and its effect on sustainable development considering Saudi Arabia’s vision 2030. To reach these objectives, a descriptive-analytical method was implemented. For collecting data, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to women entrepreneurs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The findings of the study revealed that Saudi women could construct new entrepreneurial businesses that contributed to increasing sustainable development as well as satisfying the demands of the labor market. Additionally, women's entrepreneurial work has also contributed to the recruitment of additional workforces over the past few years. The current research recommends that Saudi women need to implement a variety of entrepreneurial projects and provide due care to these projects. Increasing Saudi women’s participation in the workforce in its various sectors is the key to economic empowerment. As part of Saudi Arabia's vision 2030, a national strategy should be developed which ensures Saudi women’s significant role in entrepreneurship and enhance their ability to achieve sustainable development

THE CRIMINAL, REGULATORY, AND CIVIL ISSUES SURROUNDING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND CYBERSECURITY

Cyber-attacks have affected all organizations and individual consumers. Dissemination of relevant information and attention to strong information security practices is an important tool in fighting this cyber “pandemic.” Additionally, the legal and regulatory liability companies face from cyber-attacks as well as general strategies and practical solutions companies may implement to protect against cyber-intrusions and respond effectively in the event of an attack are considered. There are many iterations of cyber-crime, and we address the various methods cybercriminals use and the many ways cyber-attacks can take place, as well as the entities and victims affected. Moreover, the legal liability and regulatory oversight these entities face is a critical factor in addressing strategies and solutions, including both preemptive and response-oriented measures companies must take to combat cyber-crime. Coupled with this very active problem is the present nadir in the congressional debate and the proposed solutions. Thus, this Article suggests a comprehensive set of proposals where, if applied, companies may fortify their abilities to ward off cyber-threats and better ensure that consumers’ personal information stays protected. Finally, these proposals would incentivize prompt cybersecurity responses and ensure adequate protection of company and consumer information

INFLUENCE OF YEAST EXTRACT ON GENE EXPRESSION OF CRWRKY1 AS A REGULATORY GENE IN ALKALOIDS PATHWAY IN CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS (L.) G. DON

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don is a medicinal plant rich in many alkaloids that are used in treatment of many diseases. It is unique in the production of vinblastine and vincristine compounds, which are used in treatment of several cancers. There are many genes in the biosynthesis pathway that produce these anti-cancer compounds, including the gene Crwrky1 which is a regulatory gene that codes for the transcription factor in the monoterpene indole alkaloid (MIA) pathway. In this study, the effect of yeast extract on crwrky1 gene expression levels from treated calli was studied. Quantitative RT-PCR (QRT-PCR) using SYBR Green I/ROX was used to analyze the changes in the expression level of this gene in response to different treatments of yeast extract. Crwrky1 expression increased to 3.6 folds in treated callus obtained under 0.4 mg/l yeast elicitor for 4 hours (YE2) treatment to compare with the control (untreated) callus

Laparoscopic diagnostic findings in atypical intestinal malrotation in children with equivocal imaging studies

Background Atypical presentations of intestinal malrotation are more common in older children with a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) contrast study is essential for the diagnosis of the majority of cases. Recently, laparoscopy has been used in the management of malrotation. We present our experience with laparoscopic management of atypical presentations of intestinal malrotation in children, describing laparoscopic findings in these cases.Patients and methods A total of 40 patients with atypical presentations of malrotation were included in this study. The main presentations were recurrent abdominal pain, intermittent intestinal obstruction, recurrent bilious vomiting, and failure to thrive. They all were subjected to thorough history taking, clinical  examination, routine laboratory investigations, and UGI contrast study. No preoperative definitive diagnosis of malrotation was performed and all patients underwent laparoscopic evaluation.Results Forty patients (25 males and 15 females) with a mean age of 7± 2.8 years were subjected to laparoscopy. Thirty-six patients (90%) were found to have definite laparoscopic findings in the form of markedly dilated stomach and first part of duodenum, ectopic site of cecum, medial and low position of duodenojejunal  junction, congested mesenteric veins with lymphatic ectasia, generalized mesenteric lymphadenopathy, reversed relation of superior mesenteric artery and vein, and rightsided small bowel and narrow mesenteric base. Four patients had differed laparoscopic diagnosis. All the procedures were completed laparoscopically. All the patients achieved full recovery without intraoperative or postoperative complications.Conclusion Laparoscopy permits direct evaluation and treatment of undocumented malrotation in children, with equivocal UGI contrast study. These newly described laparoscopic findings are the key for the diagnosis of malrotation with atypical presentation.Keywords: Ladd’s procedure, laparoscopy, mesenteric lymphadenopathy, undocumented malrotatio

Electrochemical synthesis of carbon-metal fluoride nanocomposites as cathode materials for lithium batteries

Herein we have demonstrated an electrochemical method for the synthesis of carbon-metal fluoride nanocomposites (CMNFCs). Electrochemical intercalation of transition metal ions into graphite fluoride (CFx) resulted in the formation of CMNFCs. As a proof-of-concept, we have synthesized C-FeF2 and C-NiF2 nanocomposites by the electrochemical intercalation of Fe2+ and Ni2+ into CFx from corresponding non-aqueous electrolytes. The C-FeF2 and C-NiF2 nanocomposites synthesized by this method showed high reversible capacity and cycling stability compared to chemically synthesized analogs as cathode materials for lithium batteries. The reversible capacity of chemically synthesized C-FeF2 is 181 mAh g-1, whereas electrochemically synthesized material is 349 mAh g-1 after 20 cycles. The better cycling performance of electrochemically synthesized C-FeF2 was attributed to the homogeneous distribution of FeF2 nanoparticles within the carbon matrix enabled by the electrochemical intercalation of Fe2+. The electrochemical method described here is emission-free, cost-effective, occurs at room temperature, and extendable to the synthesis of several other CMFNCs. Moreover, it might provide new avenues for the synthesis of advanced functional materials