Isolation of 2-ethyl-3-methylmaleimide N-β-D-glucopyranoside from Riesling wine

A glycosidic isolate of Riesling urine was separated with multilayer coil countercurrent chromatography (MLCCC). After acetylation and subsequent purification by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the N-beta-D-glucopyranoside of 2-ethyl-3-methylmaleimide (3-ethyl-4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione) 2 was identified for the first time as natural wine constituent. The identification was carried out by mass spectrometry (EI-MS, DCI-MS) as well as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-1 NMR, 13C NMR, COSY, HMBC)

Antioxidants in white wine (cv. Riesling): I. Comparison of different testing methods for antioxidant activity

This paper provides a study on different testing methods for antioxidant activity. Four commonly used methods (LDL oxidation, TAS measurement, beta-carotene bleaching as well as a rapid screening test published by PRYOR et al. 1993) are compared on the basis of a set of model compounds. The differing results concerning the ranking order of the tested substances are discussed. Furthermore three methods which showed appropriate results were used in order to determine the antioxidant activity of Riesling wine fractions

Beratungsleitfaden für eine klischeefreie Berufsorientierung. Leitfaden zur Gestaltung von Informations- und Beratungsangeboten unterschiedlicher Zielgruppen. Mit Beispielen und Erfahrungen aus dem Projekt "Kurs aufs Handwerk: (Mehr) Mädchen für Handwerksberufe gewinnen"

Der Leitfaden richtet sich an alle Personen, die Jugendliche, Lehrkräfte, Eltern und Bertriebe im Kontext der Berufsorientierung und Berufswahl informieren und beraten. Dabei wird ein ganzheitlicher Ansatz verfolgt und insbesondere auf die Möglichkeiten und Anforderungen einer klischeefreien und entdeckenden Berufsorientierung eingegangen. Der Leitfaden bietet Fakten, Erfahrungen, Tipps und Tricks sowie eine Linkliste zu weiterführenden Materialien und Beratungsangeboten. Viele Beispiele beziehen sich auf praktische Projekterfahrungen. Deshalb ist der Leitfaden insbesondere für eine Berufsorientierung im Handwerk geeignet. Er bietet jedoch branchenübergreifend Gestaltungs- und Beratungsansätze und kann somit von allen Akteuren der Berufsorientierung genutzt werden. (Autor*innen)The guide is aimed at all people who provide information and advice to young people, teachers, parents and companies in the context of career orientation and career choice. A holistic approach is pursued and particular attention is paid to the possibilities and requirements of a cliché-free and exploratory career orientation. The guide offers facts and experiences as well as a list of links to further materials and advice. Many examples refer to practical project experiences. The guide is therefore particularly suitable for career orientation in the skilled trades. However, it offers cross-industry design and consulting approaches and can therefore be used by all those involved in career guidance. (Authors

Beratungsleitfaden für eine klischeefreie Berufsorientierung: Leitfaden zur Gestaltung von Informations- und Beratungsangeboten unterschiedlicher Zielgruppen

Der Leitfaden richtet sich an alle Personen, die Jugendliche, Lehrkräfte, Eltern und Bertriebe im Kontext der Berufsorientierung und Berufswahl informieren und beraten. Dabei wird ein ganzheitlicher Ansatz verfolgt und insbesondere auf die Möglichkeiten und Anforderungen einer klischeefreien und entdeckenden Berufsorientierung eingegangen. Der Leitfaden bietet Fakten, Erfahrungen, Tipps und Tricks sowie eine Linkliste zu weiterführenden Materialien und Beratungsangeboten. Viele Beispiele beziehen sich auf praktische Projekterfahrungen. Deshalb ist der Leitfaden insbesondere für eine Berufsorientierung im Handwerk geeignet. Er bietet jedoch branchenübergreifend Gestaltungs- und Beratungsansätze und kann somit von allen Akteuren der Berufsorientierung genutzt werden

Planar droplet sizing for studying the influence of ethanol admixture on the spray structure of gasoline sprays

Abstract A novel planar droplet sizing (PDS) technique based on laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and Mie-scattering is utilized for the characterization of the spray structure under gasoline direct-injection spark-ignition (DISI) conditions. Fuel effects on the spray structure and cyclic variations are studied for a gasoline surrogate fuel (Toliso, consisting of 65 vol.% isooctane and 35 vol.% toluene) and the gasoline-ethanol blend E20 (20 vol.% ethanol admixture). Sauter mean diameter (SMD) results are compared with those from phase-Doppler anemometry (PDA) measurements showing good agreement especially at early points in time (up to 1.2 ms after start of injection). The liquid spray propagation and SMD are very similar for both fuels indicating similar atomization behavior. Both investigated fuels show comparable cyclic variations of the spray shape. A larger width and slightly larger droplet sizes are observed for the E20 spray when stronger evaporation occurs (at 2 ms). At these later points in time, the PDS-measured droplet sizes differ from the PDA-results. Here the limitation of the PDS-technique becomes obvious as a partial evaporation of the droplets may lead to large systematic errors. A numerical simulation of single droplets is provided for clarification of issues of droplet evaporation in PDS. Graphic abstrac

Evaluation der berufsbezogenen Deutschsprachförderung nach § 45a AufenthG: Abschlussbericht

Die berufsbezogene Deutschsprachförderung gemäß §45a des Aufenthaltsgesetzes ist seit 2016 ein Regelinstrument, dessen Ziel der Erwerb berufsbezogener deutscher Sprachkenntnisse durch Zugewanderte ist. Die Evaluation untersucht, ob die Ziele der berufsbezogenen Deutschsprachförderung erreicht werden, wie sich die berufsbezogene Deutschsprachförderung im Speziellen auf die Arbeitsmarktintegration der Teilnehmenden auswirkt, welche Zielgruppen besonders von ihr profitieren, welche Faktoren die Wirkungen der berufsbezogenen Deutschsprachförderung fördern oder hemmen und welche Empfehlungen sich aus den Ergebnisse der Untersuchung ableiten lassen.Since 2016, German language courses for professional purposes in accordance with §45a of the German Residence Act have been a regular instrument in German integration policy. The goal of these courses is the acquisition of job-related German language skills by immigrants. The evaluation examines whether the goals of job-related German language training are achieved, how job-related German language training affect the labour market integration of participants, which target groups particularly benefit from it, which factors promote or inhibit the effects of job-related German language training and which recommendations can be derived from the results of the study

Metabolic characterization of Palatinate German white wines according to sensory attributes, varieties, and vintages using NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analyses

1H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) has been used for metabolomic analysis of ‘Riesling’ and ‘Mueller-Thurgau’ white wines from the German Palatinate region. Diverse two-dimensional NMR techniques have been applied for the identification of metabolites, including phenolics. It is shown that sensory analysis correlates with NMR-based metabolic profiles of wine. 1H NMR data in combination with multivariate data analysis methods, like principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares projections to latent structures (PLS), and bidirectional orthogonal projections to latent structures (O2PLS) analysis, were employed in an attempt to identify the metabolites responsible for the taste of wine, using a non-targeted approach. The high quality wines were characterized by elevated levels of compounds like proline, 2,3-butanediol, malate, quercetin, and catechin. Characterization of wine based on type and vintage was also done using orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS) analysis. ‘Riesling’ wines were characterized by higher levels of catechin, caftarate, valine, proline, malate, and citrate whereas compounds like quercetin, resveratrol, gallate, leucine, threonine, succinate, and lactate, were found discriminating for ‘Mueller-Thurgau’. The wines from 2006 vintage were dominated by leucine, phenylalanine, citrate, malate, and phenolics, while valine, proline, alanine, and succinate were predominantly present in the 2007 vintage. Based on these results, it can be postulated the NMR-based metabolomics offers an easy and comprehensive analysis of wine and in combination with multivariate data analyses can be used to investigate the source of the wines and to predict certain sensory aspects of wine

Metabolic constituents of grapevine and grape-derived products

The numerous uses of the grapevine fruit, especially for wine and beverages, have made it one of the most important plants worldwide. The phytochemistry of grapevine is rich in a wide range of compounds. Many of them are renowned for their numerous medicinal uses. The production of grapevine metabolites is highly conditioned by many factors like environment or pathogen attack. Some grapevine phytoalexins have gained a great deal of attention due to their antimicrobial activities, being also involved in the induction of resistance in grapevine against those pathogens. Meanwhile grapevine biotechnology is still evolving, thanks to the technological advance of modern science, and biotechnologists are making huge efforts to produce grapevine cultivars of desired characteristics. In this paper, important metabolites from grapevine and grape derived products like wine will be reviewed with their health promoting effects and their role against certain stress factors in grapevine physiology

Berry phenolics of grapevine under challenging environments

Plant phenolics have been for many years a theme of major scientific and applied interest. Grape berry phenolics contribute to organoleptic properties, color and protection against environmental challenges. Climate change has already caused significant warming in most grape-growing areas of the world, and the climatic conditions determine, to a large degree, the grape varieties that can be cultivated as well as wine quality. In particular, heat, drought and light/UV intensity severely affect phenolic metabolism and, thus, grape composition and development. In the variety Chardonnay, water stress increases the content of flavonols and decreases the expression of genes involved in biosynthesis of stilbene precursors. Also, polyphenolic profile is greatly dependent on genotype and environmental interactions. This review deals with the diversity and biosynthesis of phenolic compounds in the grape berry, from a general overview to a more detailed level, where the influence of environmental challenges on key phenolic metabolism pathways is approached. The full understanding of how and when specific phenolic compounds accumulate in the berry, and how the varietal grape berry metabolism responds to the environment is of utmost importance to adjust agricultural practices and thus, modify wine profile.This work was supported by European Union Funds (FEDER/COMPETE-Operational Competitiveness Programme) and by national funds (FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) under the project FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-022692 and the research project PTDC/AGR-ALI/100636/2008. This work was also supported by the European project INNOVINE (ref. 311775), and from the networking activities within the European funded COST ACTION FA1106 “QualityFruit” and COST Action FA1003 “East-West Collaboration for Grapevine Diversity Exploration and Mobilization of Adaptive Traits for Breeding”.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio