Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Mn doped Benzimidazole Thin Films

In the present work, the Mn doped benzimidazole (BMZ) thin films were prepared by simple chemical bath deposition technique. The material was directly deposited as thin film on glass substrates and the metal concentration in the solution was varied in weight percentage in order to investigate the dopant effect on the properties of thin films. Similarly, the Mn doped BMZ films were deposited in different solution temperature to study the effect of deposition temperature on the properties of thin films. The PXRD and FT-IR spectroscopy are used to study the structural and the presence of functional groups in the BMZ medium. Depending upon the solution temperature, thickness of the films varying from 0.6 to 1.2 {\mu}m and the optical transparency of the samples increases with the increasing temperature up to 50 {\deg}C. Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) efficiency of the films is measured for all the films. Third order nonlinear optical properties of the films were analyzed using Z-scan technique. The experimental results show that Mn doped BMZ films exhibits saturation absorption and negative nonlinearity.Comment: This has been presented in DAE 58th Solid State Symposium held at Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India. Will be published in AIP conference proceedings soo

Acceptance Sampling Model for the Effects of Plasma Ghrelin using Fuzzy Exponential Distribution

In statistical quality control one of the most significant tools is the acceptance sampling plan. It plays an essential role in solving the problems involving the theory of probability distribution and fuzzy probability distribution. Ghrelin expression in the stomach and Ghrelin levels in plasma are increased after prolonged fasting and decreased in response to feeding. The results are reliable and we have shown that by means of acceptance sampling model using fuzzy exponential distribution, there is a considerable change of Ghrelin levels in plasma. Keywords: Acceptance Sampling, Fuzzy Exponential distribution, Ghrelin 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 62P10, 62DXX, 60A86

Dynamic Weighted Round Robin Approach in Software-Defined Networks Using Pox Controller

Load balancing is important in solving over-load traffic problems in the network. Therefore, it has been among the first appealing applications in Software Defined Networking (SDN) networks. Numerous SDN-based load-balancing approaches have been recommended to enhance the performance of SDN networks. However, network control could be more manageable in large networks with hundreds of switches and routers. The SDN is a unique way of building, controlling, and developing networks to modify this unpleasant situation. The major concept of SDN contains logically centralizing network management in an SDN controller, which manages and observes the behaviour of the network. Numerous load-balancing approaches are known, such as Round Robin (RR), random policy, Weighted randomized policy (WRP), etc. Every load-balancing policy approach has some benefits and detriments. This paper developed an advanced load-balancing algorithm, a dynamic weighted round-robin (DWRR), and ran it on the top of the SDN controller. Then we calculate the result of our proposed load-balancing approach by comparing it with the current round-robin (RR) and weighted round-robin (WRR) approaches. Mininet tool is utilized for the investigation, and the controller utilized as the control plane is named the POX controller

Scanning electron microscope studies on the radula teeth of four species of marine gastropods from the Gulf of Mannar, India

In this study scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to elucidate the surface morphology of radula teeth of four species of marine gastropods belonging to muricids and tonnoideans from the Gulf of Mannar. The species studied were Tonna dolium (Linne, 1758), Phalium glaucum (Linne, 1758), Murex virgineus (Roding, 1798) and Rapana rapiformis (Born, 1778). The radulae of muricid gastropods were of stenoglossan type (1+R+1) while the radulae of tonnoidean gastropods were of taenioglossate type (2+1+R+1+2). Very large radula and solid teeth in all four species indicate that they are well adapted to capture of prey and showed characteristic representation of the sharp and pointed apex. The shafts of the teeth of R. rapiformis, T. dolium and M virgeneus are thickened and expanded at the base to form a butt and the basal spur as well as their marginal and central teeth are sickle shaped. Radulae of both groups are well suited for tearing and rasping. The examination of the central tooth, the lateral and marginal ones, by SEM provides further information for species differentiation

Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon fuels from waste plastics

Plastics are non-biodegradable polymers of mostly containing carbon, hydrogen, and few other elements such as chlorine, nitrogen etc. Due to its non-biodegradable nature, the plastic waste contributes significantly to the problem of Municipal Waste Management. The production of plastics is significantly growing. Nowadays the plastic production is more than 200MT worldwide annually. According to a nation wide survey, conducted in the year 2004, approximately 10,000 tones (ten thousand tones) of plastic waste were generated every day in our country (India), and only 60% of it was recycled, balanced 40% was not possible to dispose off. So gradually it goes on accumulating, thereby leading to serious disposal problems. Plastic is derived from petrochemical resources. In fact these plastics are essentially solidified oil. They therefore have inherently high calorific value. Waste Plastics are mostly land filled or incinerated; however, these methods are facing great social resistance because of environmental problems such as air pollution and soil contamination, as well as economical resistance due to the increase of space and disposal costs. In a long term neither the land filling nor the incineration solve the problem of wastes, because the suitable and safe depots are expensive, and the incineration stimulates the growing emission of harmful and greenhouse gases e.g. NOx, SOx, COx etc. Accordingly, recycling has become an important issue worldwide. This method can be classified as energy recovery, material recycling and chemical recycling. Among them one of the prevalent alternative methods is the production of converted fuel and chemicals by means of the thermal or catalytic degradation of polymers. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of catalyst amount, reaction temperature, plastic type (especially HDPE) and weight ratio of waste plastic to catalyst, with a semi-batch reactor, based on the results of yields and yield distributions of liquid product as a function of lapsed time. And to study the product yields and their distribution with different types of catalysts (Silica- Alumina, Activated Carbon, Mordenite) in the catalytic degradation of waste plastics with respect to time and temperature. And also for finding the effect of particle size and structure of the catalyst on product distribution and yield. One more objective is quantitative analysis of gaseous, liquid and solid products from thermal and catalytic degradation of HDPE and the comparison of the physical properties of the liquid products and to suggest the best reactor design along with the economical factors effecting the commercialization of this technique. We have studied extensively the catalytic nature of HDPE both under catalytic and noncatalytic methods with the application of some important suitable catalysts, and about the catalyst characterization by the application of SEM and XRD. The cracking temperature of HDPE was very when compare with other plastics as we have observed from the literature. It was minimum 460ºC. we have reached better yield (76%) of liquid products with the application of Mordenite catalyst at this temperature. But, the time taken for the completion of the reaction was very high about one hr. The yield and the composition of the liquid product vary along with feed to catalyst ratio and reaction temperature. And all the liquid products we got were analyzed for their physical properties. The specific gravities of all the samples were existed in the range of gasoline and diesel range of fuels. We have also tested pour point, flash point and fire point. These were varied along with their individual composition

External Auditor Dealing With Deep Cyber Security of Open Networks

We focus on how you can release major updates to that customer as much as possible, and we suggest a new model called Cloud Storage Audit with verifiable outsourcing for major updates. Within this model, major updates can be outsourced safely to authorized parties, so the important thing throughout the customer is that downloading the update is being saved very little. Moreover, the design gives us the ability to verify the validity of the encrypted secret keys issued by the OA. Specifically, we employ external auditors in current general audit designs; allow it to act as a delegated party in our position, and is also responsible for secure audits and major key updates to resist key detection. When the cloud downloads new files, the client should download the encrypted password only in OA. The licensed party maintains the encrypted secret key from the client for cloud storage audit and updates the encrypted status every time. The client downloads the encrypted password to the authorized authority and encrypts it exactly as it would like to upload new files to the cloud. In our design, only the agriculture authority should keep the encrypted form of the customer's secret key. In our design, only the agriculture authority should keep the encrypted form of the customer's secret key. We formalize the meaning and type of security in this form

FUZZY OPTIMIZATION MODELING IN THE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN HEALTH CARE BASED ON LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEM

Communicable diseases are the diseases which can be spread from one person to the other. It can also spread from infected animals. The transfer of the infection can occur through air, water, surfaces which are contaminated or through the direct contact. Moreover, Communicable Diseases are common among people nowadays days. In this paper, Fuzzy Optimization Model is developed based on Linear Programming Problem to control the communicable diseases with minimum curing time and dosage by distributing the various treatments to the disease population in order to reduce the human productivity loss. Finally, to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed optimization model, an analytic technique is given for some four combinable diseases with four types of treatments

Generation of a train of ultrashort pulses using periodic waves in tapered photonic crystal fibres

Funding This work was supported by the Ministry of Education , Nigeria for financial support through the TETFUND scholarship 55 scheme; CSIR [grant number 03(1264)/12/EMR-II].Peer reviewedPostprin

A Study of Challenges and Recommendations for Teaching: DevOps Education

DevOps has gained significant popularity in the software industry due to its ability to enhance collaboration, improve software delivery, and drive organizational agility. However, providing effective education and training in DevOps poses several Issue. This research paper presents an interview study conducted with a seasoned DevOps professional to explore the challenges faced in DevOps education and provide recommendations for addressing these challenges. The study highlights the evolving nature of the DevOps landscape, the interdisciplinary nature of DevOps, and the need for hands-on learning experiences. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of continuous curriculum updates, practical exercises, cross-functional collaboration, industry partnerships, and fostering a continuous learning mindset. The findings from this study contribute to the understanding of the unique challenges and recommendations for improving DevOps education