Clone 13-infected Aedes aegypti salivary components inhibit Rift Valley fever virus pathogenicity.

International audienceRift Valley fever virus (RVFV) continues to cause large outbreaks among humans and domestic animals in Africa. RVFV Clone 13, a naturally attenuated clone, is a promising vaccine which was used during the 2009-2010 outbreak in South Africa and played a key role in the control of the disease. In this work, we infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with RVFV Clone 13 and prepared salivary gland extracts (SGE). C57BL/6-NRJ male mice were infected with a mixture of SGE infected by Clone 13 and the ZH548 RVFV strain. With the injection of increasing doses of Clone 13-infected SGE, all mice were protected. Our results suggest Clone 13 infected SGE contain unique antiviral components able to counteract the replication of RVFV when injected into vertebrates

Health professionals and the early detection of head and neck cancers: a population-based study in a high incidence area

International audienceAbstractBackgroundIn the context of early detection of head and neck cancers (HNC), the aim of this study was to describe how people sought medical consultation during the year prior to diagnosis and the impact on the stage of the cancer.MethodsPatients over 20 years old with a diagnosis of HNC in 2010 were included from four French cancer registries. The medical data were matched with data regarding uptake of healthcare issued from French National Health Insurance General Regime.ResultsIn 86.0 % of cases, patients had consulted a general practitioner (GP) and 21.1 % a dentist. Consulting a GP at least once during the year preceding diagnosis was unrelated to Charlson index, age, sex, département, quintile of deprivation of place of residence. Patients from the ‘quite privileged’, ‘quite underprivileged’ and ‘underprivileged’ quintiles consulted a dentist more frequently than those from the ‘very underprivileged’ quintile (p = 0.007).The stage was less advanced for patients who had consulted a GP (OR = 0.42 [0.18–0.99]) - with a dose–response effect.ConclusionsIn view of the frequency of consultations, the existence of a significant association between consultations and a localised stage at diagnosis and the absence of a socio-economic association, early detection of HNC by GPs would seem to be the most appropriate way

Biomarkers Associated with Lymph Nodal Metastasis in Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinoma

Introduction. Lymph node metastasis is determinant in the prognosis and treatment of endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) but the risk–benefit balance of surgical lymph node staging remains controversial. Objective. Describe the pathways associated with lymph node metastases in EEC detected by whole RNA sequencing. Methods. RNA-sequencing was performed on a retrospective series of 30 non-metastatic EEC. N+ and N− patients were matched for tumoral size, tumoral grade and myometrial invasion. Results. Twenty-eight EECs were analyzable (16 N+ and 12 N−). Bioinformatics Unsupervised analysis revealed three patterns of expression, enriched in N+, mix of N+/N− and enriched in N−, respectively. The cluster with only N+ patient overexpressed extra cellular matrix, epithelial to mesenchymal and smooth muscle contraction pathways with respect to the N− profile. Differential expression analysis between N+ and N− was used to generate a 54-genes signature with an 87% accuracy. Conclusion. RNA-expression analysis provides a basis to develop a gene expression-based signature that could pre-operatively predict lymph node invasion

La progression dans la lecture des textes littéraires

Les neuf contributions rassemblées ici s’intéressent à la progression de l’enseignement et de l’apprentissage de la lecture des textes littéraires en interrogeant les choix méthodologiques relatifs à cet objet d’étude et en présentant de nouveaux résultats de recherche. L’attention se porte particulièrement sur l’approche comparatiste, voire internationale, des pratiques de classe effectives. Deux premiers articles s’interrogent sur le sort qui est réservé tout au long du secondaire au commentaire de texte littéraire et à la lecture analytique. Les quatre contributions suivantes présentent les résultats de recherche qui s’appuient sur un même texte littéraire utilisé comme « réactif » afin de faire apparaitre des ruptures et des continuités dans les enseignements et les apprentissages à différents niveaux de la scolarité. Trois derniers articles étudient la manière dont la progression de l’enseignement de la lecture et de la littérature se manifeste dans des choix d’équipes enseignantes, dans des instructions officielles et des manuels, et dans des mémoires professionnels de futurs enseignants. Ces différentes études font apparaitre des constats convergents à propos des formes scolaires liées aux différents niveaux d’enseignement ainsi qu’aux différents contextes sociopolitiques ou socioculturels. Par l’éclairage nouveau qu’elles apportent sur les difficultés et les spécificités de la continuité didactique, elles devraient intéresser aussi bien les chercheurs et les formateurs que les enseignants de français du premier et du second degré qui sont confrontés quotidiennement à ces problèmes. The nine contributions gathered here focus on the progression of teaching and learning to read literary texts by questioning the methodological choices relating to this object of study and reporting new research results. Particular attention is paid to the comparative, and even international, approach to effective classroom practices. The first two articles examine the fate of literary text commentary and analytical reading throughout secondary schooling. Four others present the results of research based on a single literary text used as a “reagent” to reveal breaks and continuities in teaching and learning at different levels of schooling. The last three texts study how the progression of reading and literature teaching is manifested in the choices of teaching teams, in official instructions and textbooks, and in the dissertations of future teachers. These different studies reveal some converging observations relating to the school forms linked to the different levels of education as well as to the different socio-political or socio-cultural contexts. Shedding new light on the difficulties and specificities of didactic continuity, they should interest researchers and trainers as well as teachers of French at the primary and secondary level who face these problems daily

Endnotes

A collection of artists’ writings, edited by Bellotto and Rewakowicz, that brings together works by 28 artists from Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, New York and Glasgow. Includes texts in a wide range of styles (poetic, fictional, autobiographical, etc.) that touch on diverse themes, such as: sex, art, politics, childhood, longing, memory and the body. Brief biographical notes on authors (in French and English)

Liquid formulation of ifosfamide increased risk of encephalopathy: A case-control study in a pediatric population

International audienceBACKGROUND:Several clusters of encephalopathy occurred after the market change from Holoxan® (ifosfamide lyophilized powder) to Ifosfamide EG® (liquid formulation) and justified a formal survey in 2015. In June 2016, the regulatory authority decided to apply a precautionary measure in reducing the shelf life of Ifosfamide EG® at 7 months. One-year study from spontaneous reports lead to suspect a potential residual risk. Due to the many limitations associated with spontaneous notifications, we performed a multicentric observational study, aiming to better explore this pharmacovigilance signal.METHODS:We performed a case-control study in pediatric oncology Departments of 25 university hospitals between July 1st, 2016 and July 1st, 2018. All children (<18 y.o.) receiving liquid formulation or lyophilized powder formulation during the study period were included. Patients with at least one occurrence of encephalopathy were considered as cases. Logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio of encephalopathy between exposure groups.RESULTS:During the study period, 52 cases and 495 controls were included. A residual over-risk of encephalopathy was associated with ifosfamide 7-month shelf-life liquid formulation compared to lyophilized powder (adjusted OR 1.91, 95% CI: 1.03-3.53).CONCLUSIONS:Observed difference does not seem to be related to the pathology treated, the doses used, the co-medications, a meningeal localization and/or an irradiation of the central nervous system. This study confirms data from spontaneous reports that led to the precautionary measure for the liquid formulation. Even if the risk of encephalopathy seems reduced, our study suggests the persistence of a residual risk of encephalopathy associated with liquid formulation compared to the lyophilized powder