NGOs and challenges confronted in the implementation of active labour market policies : The case of Finland and Sweden

Peer reviewe

Financial Literacy

Personal financial management is important for success in all walks of life. As part of an effort to invest in a culture of financial literacy; The University of North Georgia has begun providing students with financial educational resources. However, my preliminary research revealed that most students do not use the resources provided. My proposal will address this gap by illustrating how the implementation of a financial curriculum in a core-course will be the most effective approach. This three-week curriculum will help students learn the basics of personal financial management such as budgeting, saving, debt-elimination, and several other relevant topics

Alcohol industry arguments for liberalizing alcohol policy in finland : Analysis of twitter data

Funding Information: The authors disclose receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article:This study has received research funding from the Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies and the Strategic Research Council/Academy of Finland,Tackling Biases and Bubbles in Participation Kantola/312795. *Correspondence may be sent to Thomas Babila Sama, Ph.D., Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Social and Public Policy, P.O. Box 54 (Unioninkatu 37), 00014 - University of Helsinki, Finland, or via email at: thomas.sama@ helsinki.fi. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, Alcohol Research Documentation Inc. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

An exploration of the conception of God among the Bali Nyonga and its impact upon their contemporary Christian practice with particular reference to hymnody and prayer.

Thesis (M.Th.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.Through the invitation of the then traditional ruler of Bali Nyonga, the missionaries of the Basel Mission arrived there in 1903. They embarked on evangelisation especially through the opening of schools. They studied the mungaka language, translated the Bible into it and made several other publications. However in the process of translation they concluded in strong terms that the Bali had no notion of a Supreme Being who created heaven and earth. Professors, Bolaji Idowu, Kwame Bediako and others argue contrary to such missionary assertion above, that continuity from the old religion is what gives meaning to the understanding of the new. It is in this light that in this work we seek to explore the Bali Nyonga conception of the Supreme Being. We will also investigate Christian understanding of the God of Israel; whether he is understood only in the light of previous understanding or they consider him to be somebody whom they had never known in their worldview. The researcher begins however with the basic assumption that the new can be understood only in the light of the past. This is because the people have a few sayings, which clearly indicate that their past is so much, cherished. They say for example that Bo ma ni ntun mandzi mfi kui tsed I nden beh [one cannot dig a new road without cutting across the existing road], ntan 'wo' ka gha bun nden ma mi be mbe I ti' la' be nto nkwedkwed [the hawk said it is not good for old people to all die, lest one day people would take them for meat]1. There is also the name Dayebga [one cannot forget his homeland or their compound]. After introducing the work in chapter one, the next chapter presents a historical overview of the context of research. Chapter three explores the conception of God among the Bali Nyonga. The findings of Europeans are first presented followed by the understanding of indigenes. Chapter four considers the encounter between two conflicting worldviews and its consequences as the Gospel and missionaries [two different worldviews] came into contact with the Bali worldview. The next chapter investigates Christian practice and their understanding of God. We have done this by analysing some Church hymns and prayers. Chapter six is a summary of the findings and a theological reflection on the results of the findings. 1 The hawk is not eaten. By this proverb it is considered that if there are no old people to pass on old values the next generation may do things that are digressions from esteemed values. This saying emphasizes continuity. Babila Fochang, Wisdom of the Ancients - Some African Proverbs, Witty Sayings and their interpretations drawn mostly from Bali Nyonga in the North West province of Cameroon, Dschang: Dschang University Press, 2001, p.

A Comparison of the Microcirculation in Rat Spinotrapezius Muscle and Muscle Fascia

The microcirculation in rat spinotrapezius muscle and muscle fascia is investigated using a computational approach. The simulations are based on a realistic microvascular network structure obtained from microscope observations and consider both blood rheology and vessel elasticity. An improved model for the apparent viscosity of blood is developed to take the shear thinning nature of blood into account. Capillary bundles of muscle tissue are composed of vessels that mainly follow the direction of muscle fibers. In muscle fascia, however, the capillary vessels form a mesh like network without a preferred direction. This structural difference leads to significant differences in the microcirculation. In the muscle fascia, vessel length, velocity, and shear rate follow a lognormal distribution. In muscle, however, the data does not support a lognormal distribution. For both networks, the hematocrit follows an approximately normal distribution

A rational approach for predicting the minimum composition of anti-parasite sub-unit vaccines: a multiple target vaccine hypothesis

The present article introduces a new concept, termed a multiple vaccine target hypothesis (MVTH) for determining the minimum number of vaccine targets (epitopes/antigens) necessary to construct a highly efficacious (greater than 90%) anti-parasite vaccine. Drawing inspiration from the Metabolic Control Analysis (MCA) and immunological reasoning it is proposed that for a multi-stage parasite an effective anti-parasite vaccine will necessarily act on more than one stage of the parasite in the definitive host. It is argued that the minimum number of sub-unit targets for a highly efficacious anti-parasite vaccine will vary from one parasite to the other and will be equal to twice the number of major parasite stages occurring in the human host. Quantitatively stated, Cv=2n where Cv the number of required targets is, and n represents the number of major parasite stages in the definitive host. Conditions when the value of Cv may deviate from what is predicted by the formula given above are discussed. Extensive literature search on malaria, onchocerciasis and schistosomiasis sub-unit vaccine development suggests that subunit vaccines constructed from single components and directed to just one parasite stage are less efficacious that multivariate sub-unit vaccines, and obviously whole parasite vaccines. MVTH therefore provides a rational framework for constituting a sub-unit anti-parasite vaccine.Keywords: Vaccine, malaria, Onchocerca volvulus, schistosomiasis, parasite, equatio

Alcohol industry strategies to influence the reform of the Finnish Alcohol Law

Peer reviewe

Family planning methods and fertility preferences according to HIV status among women in Cameroon

We investigated whether HIV-positive women differ from HIV-negative women in their fertility, fertility intentions, and use of family planning (FP) among 16,202 women who received services through the Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services’ Women’s Health Program from 2015 to 2017. The 13% of women who were HIV-positive had similar rates of modern FP usage and unmet need compared to HIV-negative women (26% versus 29% for modern FP usage, and 20% versus 21% for unmet need). However, HIV-positive women were more likely to be satisfied with their FP method (aOR = 1.70, p < .001). There were no significant differences in usage by HIV status for most FP methods, but HIV-positive women were more likely to use condoms (aOR = 1.85, p < .01) and less likely to use IUDs (aOR = 0.77, p < .05). HIV-positive women had fewer living children and also desired fewer children (both associations significant at p < .001 in multivariate linear regression). These findings highlight low FP usage and high unmet need among all women, and the need for integrated HIV and FP services for HIV-positive women, particularly aimed at increasing use of more reliable FP methods in addition to condoms. (Afr J Reprod Health 2021; 25[5]: 25-36)

Awareness of breast cancer and breast self-examination among female undergraduate students in a higher teachers training college in Cameroon

Introduction: The incidence of breast cancer (BCa) in Cameroon is on the rise and accounts for a leading cause of mortality. An understanding of the knowledge and practices on breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE) among teachers are important first steps which will guide the designing of interventions aimed at raising awareness across the general population. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in April 2016 involving 345 consenting female undergraduate students in the Higher Teachers Training College, Bambili, Cameroon. Data was collected using a pretested self-administered questionnaire and analysed using descriptive methods. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 22.5±3.2years and a vast majority (n = 304, 88.1%) had heard about BCa primarily from the television/radio (n=196, 64.5%). Overall, less than a quarter (n=65, 21.4%) of respondents who had heard about BCa had sufficient knowledge on its risk factors and signs/symptoms. A plurality (53.3%) thought BCa can be prevented via vaccination while over a third (38.7%) opined that BCa can be treated spiritually. Less than half (47%) of respondents who had heard about BCa had heard about BSE amongst which only 55 (38.5%) had ever practiced it. Conclusion: Though most students are aware of the existence of breast cancer, their overall knowledge on its risk factors and clinical presentation is insufficient with a concomitant low practice of BSE. These highlighted gaps warrants intensification of sensitization campaigns and educational programmes in order to raise knowledge levels and enhance prevention strategies that would aid in reducing the burden of breast cancer in Cameroon