Attitudes of Nursing Students and Non- Medical Students Toward Vaccination

Introduction. despite the scientifically proven positive effect on the population, vaccination remains a major public health problem. The biggest problem at the moment is that attitudes are based on other people’s opinions or various scientifically unfounded information obtained via the internet. Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the attitudes and level of knowledge about vaccination of nursing students and non-medical students in Croatia and establish whether there is a difference between them. Methods. The study involved 961 nursing and non-medical students from Croatia, aged between 18 and 53 years. The research was conducted using an online questionnaire program ‘google forms’ which consisted of 33 questions and was completely anonymous. Results. The study shows that nursing students have better knowledge of vaccinations and vaccines. They also have a statistically more positive attitude towards vaccination in comparison to non-medical students. When it comes to obtaining information about vaccines, as in existing studies from around the world, the participants in this study stated that they first turn to doctors and nurses for information related to vaccination and its side effects. Conclusion. The results of this study show that nursing students have better knowledge. Also, there was a statistically significant difference between the attitudes of nursing students and students of non-health studies, but the numerical difference is very small, which actually shows a very small difference in attitudes. educational and health institutions play an important role in forming attitudes, as well as the importance of presenting accurate, clear, and proven information

Total tissue lactate dehydrogenase activity in endometrial carcinoma

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is essential for continuous glycolysis necessary for accelerated tumor growth. The aim of this study was to reconsider if assay of total tissue activity of this enzyme could be useful as marker for endometrial carcinoma (EC). Activity of LDH was measured spectrophotometrically in homogenate supernatants of uterine tissue samples of 40 patients (10 normal endometria, 27 normal myometria, and 33 EC), including 30 matched pairs. Data obtained were analyzed in relation to clinical and histopathologic findings and compared with our previously published results on the tissue levels of the same enzyme in ovarian cancer and on the proteolytic activity of dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III) in EC (suggested biochemical indicator of this malignancy). Significantly increased (1.8-3.0 times; P < 1 x 10(-4)) LDH activity was observed in EC samples if compared with normal uterine tissues. This rise was not related to the clinicopathologic findings, however. In contrast to previous results on LDH in ovarian carcinomas, a significant rise in LDH activity was found already in grade 1 EC. Using the cutoff value of 1.06 U/mg, diagnostic sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 91% for total tissue LDH assay have been calculated. A correlation of tissue's LDH and DPP III activities was found, and their combined assay for EC showed increased diagnostic sensitivity (94%) and accuracy (96%)

MUTATION OF KRAS AND NRAS GENE IN THE RIGHT-SIDED AND LEFT-SIDED COLORECTAL CANCER OF PATIENTS TREATED WITH SURGERY IN KBC SPLIT BETWEEN 2014 AND 2017

Cilj istraživanja: karcinom debelog crijeva jedan je od najčešćih tumora na kojeg otpada 9,7% svih zloćudnih bolesti. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je istražiti postoji li statistički značajna razlika pojavnosti mutacije gena KRAS i NRAS u desnostranom i ljevostranom karcinomu debelog crijeva bolesnika operiranih u Kliničkom bolničkom centru Split čija je mutacija određena u Kliničkom zavodu za patologiju, citologiju i sudsku medicinu na parafinskim uzorcima tumorskog tkiva u periodu od 2014. do 2017. godine. Ispitanici i metode: U istraživanje je uključeno 136 bolesnika s karcinomom debelog crijeva operiranih u Kliničkom bolničkom centru Split, kojima je nakon operativnog zahvata provedena molekularna analiza mutacije KRAS i NRAS gena iz parafinskih uzoraka tumorskog tkiva u razdoblju od siječnja 2014. godine do kraja veljače 2017. godine. Podaci su prikupljeni pretraživanjem baze podataka Laboratorija za kliničku i sudsku medicinu i Odjela za patologiju Kliničkog zavoda za patologiju, sudsku medicinu i citologiju te arhive Klinike za kirurgiju Kliničkog bolničkog centra Split. Svakom bolesniku prikupljeni su i analizirani podaci o spolu, dobi, lokalizacija bolesti( desno ili lijevo) i postojanje KRAS i NRAS mutacije. Svim ispitanicima (n=136) je određena mutacija gena KRAS. Ispitanicima s negativnim nalazom mutacije gena KRAS i jednom ispitaniku s dokazanom mutacijom gena KRAS (n=73) rađena je analiza mutacije gena NRAS. Rezultati: Od ukupnog broja bolesnika analiziranih na KRAS i NRAS mutaciju (n=136), na muškarce otpada 92 (67,65%), a na žene 44 (32,35%), što ukazuje na 2 puta učestalije obolijevanje kod muškaraca nego kod žena. Prosječna dob bolesnika je 62,32 godina (raspon 37-79). Analiza je pokazala da najviše bolesnika ima između 50. i 64. godina (42,32 %). Od ukupnog broja bolesnika ljevostranu lokalizaciju karcinoma debelog crijeva ima njih 99 (72,79%), a desnostranu 37 (27,21%). Od ukupnog broja bolesnika njih 64 (47,06%) ima, a 72 (52,94%) nema mutaciju gena KRAS. Mutacija NRAS gena testirana je kod 73 (53,68%) ispitanika, od kojih njih 11 (15,07%) ima, a 62 (84,93%) nema mutaciju gena NRAS. Analiza statistički značajne razlike KRAS i NRAS mutacija desnostranog i ljevostranog karcinoma debelog crijeva provjerena je χ2 testom te je p=0,6613 (p<0,05 postavljen kao statistički značajan). Zaključci: Broj bolesnika kojima je određena mutacija gena KRAS i NRAS je veći svake godine. Veći je udio bolesnika muškog spola od onih ženskog spola. KRAS i NRAS mutacije su negativni prognostički faktori. Njihova aktivacija predviđa loš odgovor na terapiju monoklonalnim anti-EGFR protutijelima u naprednom karcinomu debelog crijeva. Pojedina istraživanja pokazala su da postoji bitna razlika u pojavnosti KRAS i NRAS mutacije između ljevostranog i desnostranog karcinoma debelog crijeva. U ovom istraživanju kod većine ispitanika karcinom debelog crijeva lokaliziran je lijevo, dok manji dio ima desnostrani karcinom debelog crijeva. Postotak ispitanika bez mutacije gena KRAS je veći u odnosu na postotak ispitanika koji imaju mutaciju. I postotak ispitanika bez mutacije gena NRAS je veći u odnosu na postotak ispitanika koji imaju mutaciju. Mutaciju oba analizirana gena (KRAS ili NRAS) ima da nešto veći postotak ispitanika, od onih koje je nemaju. Nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika u pojavnosti mutacije analiziranih gena RAS uspoređujući desnostrane i ljevostrane karcinoma debelog crijeva.Research Objective: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common tumors, which accounts for 9.7% of all malignant diseases (6). The aim of this thesis is to investigate whether there is a statistically significant difference in occurrence between the mutation of KRAS and NRAS genes in the right-sided and left-sided colorectal cancer of patients treated with surgery at the University hospital of Split, whose mutation was determined in the Clinical Institute of Pathology, Cytology and Judicial Medicine on paraffin tumor tissue patterns in the period from 2014 to 2017. Subjects and Methods: The study included 136 patients with colorectal cancer treated with surgery at the University hospital of Split, who after the operation were analysed on mutations of KRAS and NRAS genes from paraffin tumor tissue samples from January 2014 to the end of February 2017 year. Data was collected by searching the database of the Clinical and Judicial Medicine Laboratory and Department of Pathology of the Clinical Institute of Pathology, Judicial Medicine and Cytology and the Clinic for Surgery of the University hospital of Split. All patients were collected and analyzed on gender, age, localization of the disease (right or left) and the existence of KRAS and NRAS mutations. All patients (n = 136) were analyzed on mutation of KRAS gene. Patients with a negative mutation finding of KRAS gene and one patients with proven mutation of KRAS gene (n = 73) were analyzed to a NRAS mutation analysis. Results: Of the total number of patients analyzed on KRAS and NRAS mutation (n = 136), men were 92 (67.65%) and women 44 (32.35%), which indicates a twice-frequent incidence of males rather than women. The average age of the patient was 62.32 years (range 37-79). The analysis showed that most patients were between 50 and 64 years (42.32%). Out of the total number of patients the number of left-sided tumor was 99 (72.79%), and right-sided 37 (27.21%). Out of the total number of patients there were 64 (47.06%) who had mutation, and 72 (59.84%) did not have KRAS mutations. The mutation of NRAS genes was tested in 73 (53.68%) patients, of whom 11 (15.07%) had mutation and 62 (84.93%) did not have NRAS mutation. Statistically significant differences KRAS and NRAS mutations of right and left colorectal cancer were checked by the χ2 test in which p = 0.6613 (p <0.05 set as statistically significant). Conclusions: The number of patients with KRAS and NRAS mutations is getting higher every year. There wass a higher percentage of male patients than female. KRAS and NRAS mutations are negative prognostic factors. Their activation predicts poor response to monoclonal anti-EGFR antibodies therapy in advanced colorectal cancer. In this study, most colorectal cancer were left-sided, while less patients had right-sided colorectal cancer. The percentage of patients with no mutation of KRAS genes was higher than the percentage of patients with mutation. Also, the percentage of patients without NRAS mutation was higher than the percentage of patients who had a mutation. The mutation of both analyzed genes (KRAS or NRAS) had a slightly higher percentage of pozitive patients than those who did not have mutation. There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of RAS mutations by comparing right-sided and left-sided colorectal cancer

Centar palijativne skrbi dementnih osoba : diplomski rad

S obzirom na demografske trendove koji nas svrstavaju na dno Europe, u Hrvatskoj bi do 2030. godine trebalo biti 218 tisuća osoba oboljelih od demencije, a trenutačne opcije smještaja su nedostatne i neadekvatne. Diplomski rad se bavi temom granica sloboda u kretanju pojedinca koji je do određene mjere nesvjestan stvarnosti. Cilj je u sigurnim uvjetima omogućiti slobodu i privatnost, odnosno stvoriti pravi dom u domu kao instituciji. Korisnik tako svoju sobu prepoznaje pomoću malog izloga na hodniku u kojeg stavlja svoje osobne stvari. Vrata izlaza iz objekta se izmiču s osi kretanja. Korisnik raspoznaje prostore po promjeni materijala i boja, a dom je okružen vrtovima različitih karaktera i funkcija. Smještajne jedinice su organizirane po stupnju oboljenja s obzirom na pacijentovo psiho-fizičko stanje odnosno njegovu vezanost za njegovatelja i stručnu pomoć, a istodobno su omogućene razne konvencionalne i nekonvencionalne terapije. Objekt tako između ostalog sadrži terapijski vrt, senzoričku snoezelen sobu, prostore za projekcije i psihoterapije, vrt za agroterapiju i drugo

Centar palijativne skrbi dementnih osoba : diplomski rad

S obzirom na demografske trendove koji nas svrstavaju na dno Europe, u Hrvatskoj bi do 2030. godine trebalo biti 218 tisuća osoba oboljelih od demencije, a trenutačne opcije smještaja su nedostatne i neadekvatne. Diplomski rad se bavi temom granica sloboda u kretanju pojedinca koji je do određene mjere nesvjestan stvarnosti. Cilj je u sigurnim uvjetima omogućiti slobodu i privatnost, odnosno stvoriti pravi dom u domu kao instituciji. Korisnik tako svoju sobu prepoznaje pomoću malog izloga na hodniku u kojeg stavlja svoje osobne stvari. Vrata izlaza iz objekta se izmiču s osi kretanja. Korisnik raspoznaje prostore po promjeni materijala i boja, a dom je okružen vrtovima različitih karaktera i funkcija. Smještajne jedinice su organizirane po stupnju oboljenja s obzirom na pacijentovo psiho-fizičko stanje odnosno njegovu vezanost za njegovatelja i stručnu pomoć, a istodobno su omogućene razne konvencionalne i nekonvencionalne terapije. Objekt tako između ostalog sadrži terapijski vrt, senzoričku snoezelen sobu, prostore za projekcije i psihoterapije, vrt za agroterapiju i drugo

The role of spirituality in palliative care

U ovom prikazu, kroz pet točaka, prikazan je proces duhovne pratnje u palijativnoj skrbi umirućih bolesnika. Polazna je točka vlastita duhovnost te iskustvo misterija ljudske osobe. Slijedi nužnost uspostavljanja bliskog odnosa s umirućim i ispravne percepcije duhovne pratnje. U duhovne potrebe umirućega spadaju traženje smisla života te potrebe za osobnim prihvaćanjem, za pomirenjem i zajedništvom, za odgovorima na egzistencijalna pitanja, za donošenjem primjernih moralnih odluka i za konačnim oproštajem na dostojan način. U duhovnoj pratnji umirućega nužno je slijediti njegov ritam te mu pomoći da iskoristi svoje duhovne potencijale.In this presentation the process of spiritual accompaniment of dying patients in palliative care is shown through five points. The starting point is our own spirituality and experience of the mystery of the human person. Spiritual needs of the dying are: search for the meaning of life and need to be accepted, need for reconciliation and togetherness, need for the answers to existential questions, need for making exemplary decisions and for a final farewell in a dignified way. In spiritual accompaniment of the dying it is necessary to follow his rhythm and to help him to use his spiritual potential

Harmonization of Selected Machinery for Construction of a Wind Turbine Power Plant : Undergraduate Thesis

U ovom završnom radu rješava se problem usklađivanja rada strojeva za odabrane aktivnosti izgradnje vjetroelektrane. Cilj je postizanje što veće učinkovitosti uz zadovoljavajuću kvalitetu.This final paper is dealing with the problem of harmonizing the work of machines for selected activities of the construction of a wind power plant. The goal is to achieve greater efficiency with satisfying quality

Polynomial D(4)D(4)-quadruples over Gaussian Integers

A set $\{a, b, c, d\}$ of four non-zero distinct polynomials in $\mathbb{Z}[i][X]$ is said to be a Diophantine $D(4)$-quadruple if the product of any two of its distinct elements increased by 4 is a square of some polynomial in $\mathbb{Z}[i][X]$. In this paper we prove that every $D(4)$-quadruple in $\mathbb{Z}[i][X]$ is regular, or equivalently that the equation $$(a+b-c-d)^2=(ab+4)(cd+4)$$ holds for every $D(4)$-quadruple in $\mathbb{Z}[i][X]$.Comment: some parts were reorganized, corrections mad

Comparative analysis of stock selection using a hybrid MCDM approach and modern portfolio theory

The problem of selecting an optimal set of investment stocks is of a huge interest for both individual and institutional investors. This paper compares the hybrid multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) approach to selecting the best stock to invest in, with the stock selection using modern portfolio theory (MPT). When selecting stocks, it is very important to thoroughly analyse stocks, according to multiple criteria, including their equity market indicators, as well as financial indicators. The objective of the research is to compare the stock selection using a hybrid MCDM approach and MPT, which includes only the equity market indicators. The analysed sample includes 18 stocks, which are CROBEX components on the Croatian capital market from January 2017 to January 2019. The rankings of stocks were calculated using five MCDM methods. These were then used to obtain the final hybrid stock ranking, which was compared to the MPT stock selection. The results show that there is a significant difference in the stock rankings. However, the stocks which have not entered any portfolio in MPT selection were ranked as lowest according to the hybrid MCDM approach, which confirms that those stocks are the worst to invest in. The research can serve as a guidance for investors to use all available stock information in their decision making process of investment