Prevalence of anti-HCV antibody and related risk factors among bleeding disorder patients in Yazd province of Iran

زمینه و هدف: مصرف جایگزین درمانی خون و فرآورده های خونی غربال نشده یا فاکتورهای انعقادی تغلیظ شده ویروس زدایی نشده در بیماران اختلال انعقادی خطر ابتلا به هپاتیت C را در آنها ایجاد می کند. مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی فراوانی آنتی بادی بر علیه ویروس هپاتیت C (anti-HCV Ab) و فاکتورهای خطر مربوطه در بیماران اختلال انعقادی استان یزد انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی-تحلیلی که به روش سرشماری در تابستان 1385 انجام شد، پس از جمع آوری اطلاعات پرسشنامه ای، از 77 بیمار نمونه خون گرفته شد. نمونه های پلاسما با کیت الیزا از نظر آنتی بادی بر علیه ویروس هپاتیت C و سپس نمونه های مثبت با روش تست RIBA (Recombinant Immonoblot Assay) تایید شدند. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون های آماری کای دو و آنالیز رگرسیون لجستیک مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته ها: فراوانی آنتی بادی بر علیه ویروس هپاتیت ‍‍C معادل 4/49 (38 بیمار) بدست آمد. بین داشتن فرم شدید بیماری (از نظر نیاز به فرآورده های خونی) (01/0

Induced third-degree burn in rat: healing by Melilotus officinalis extract as medicinal plant

Introduction: burn wounds are common happenings which cause many people have irreversible defects and to be death around the world every year.  In this study, we evaluated the effects of Melilotus officinalis and Alpha ointment in the healing of burn wounds and compare their findings with silver sulfadiazine (SSD).Methods: Seventy-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups, and similar burn ulcers were produced on the back of rats. The first group of rats received no treatment, base gel was used topically to group II, in groups III-V, Alpha, SSD and Melilotus officinalis preparations were applied, respectively. Wound healing, contraction and histopathological examination were evaluated at the end of 7, 14, and 21 days.Results: Alpha ointment was equally effective as Melilotus officinalis gel, while its efficacy was better compared to SSD for all parameters of wound healing on days 7, 14 and 21. Alpha and Melilotus officinalis preparations as less expensive medications which significantly improve the quality of wound healing and scar formation and also are more appropriate treatment choices than SSD.Conclusion: Alpha and Melilotus officinalis are recommended as alternative to SSD, especially in patients with low economical backgrounds or in those who show adverse reactions to SSD.</p

A Phytochemical Study and Comparison of the Effect of Citrullus Colocynthis Extracts on Colon Cancer Cells Caco-2

Background and Objectives: The present study aimed to detect the organic compounds of Citrullus Colocynthis L. and investigate the anticancer and antioxidant effects of four extracts of this plant on Caco-2 cell line.   Methods: The effective compounds of the air branches of Citrullus Colocynthis L. were studied using phytochemicals methods. In order to evaluate the cytotoxic and antioxidant characteristics of this plant, the ethanolic and n-hexane extracts of the plant were collected, using Soxhlet apparatus and maceration methods. The effects of these extracts on Caco-2 colon cancer cells were evaluated using MTT tests based on the ability of living cells to convert tetrazolium salt to unsolvable formazan, NBT method to evaluate the reduction of ROS using aqueous nitrotrazole and based on a completely randomized design using SPSS software and Duncan test.   Results: The phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, vitamin C, and protein compounds in Citrullus Colocynthis L. However, no steroids, tannin, saponins were detected in this plant. The results of MTT showed that the least cell survival value of the treated cancerous cell was obtained with n-hexane extract using maceration method. The results of the NBT test also demonstrated the antioxidant properties of all extracts. The NBT results revealed the highest reduction in the percentage of free radicals belonged to the group treated with n-hexane extract by maceration methods and ethanolic extract using Soxhlet apparatus.   Conclusion: The existence of several chemical compounds with proapoptotic properties in the extracts of Citrullus Colocynthis L. proposes the notion that the use of the compounds of these extracts alone or in combination with anticancer drugs may be beneficial in the treatment of colon cancer

A comparison between the influence of superplasticizer and organosilanes on different properties of cemented paste backfill

The water repellency influence of non-polar organosilanes (vinyl and methyl) and polycarboxylate super plasticizer were studied and compared on flow behavior, strength development, and microstructural properties of cemented paste backfill (CPB) composed of sulfidic and non-sulfidic tailings. The addition of water-repellent admixtures affects the water requirement and hence the total performance of cementitious materials. Based on the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) test and slump height measurements, the addition of vinyl silane to CPB provided a higher UCS value and reduced the required amount of water for a specific slump height. The addition of vinyl and methyl organosilanes, however, was less advantageous on CPBs composed of sulfidic tailings since reduced the early strength development. The achieved differential thermogravimetric (DTG), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results implicated that the use of vinyl silane was more efficient to densify the CPB matrix due to the hydration improvement and the formation of additional C-S-H gel specifically in non-sulfidic CPBs

Cr6+Removal by Activated Carbon Magnetized with Nona Zero Valent Iron from Aqueous Solutions: Study Kinetic, Isotherm and Thermodynamic

Background: Chromium is one of the most common pollutants that has been noticed in recent years due to its accumulation in human tissues and health risks. The aim of this study is to magnetize powdered activated carbonby Nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) particles and use it as the adsorbent for removal of Cr (VI) from aquatic solutions. Methods: In this study, reduction and co-precipitation methods were used for converting divalent iron into zero-valent iron and depositing zero-valent iron particles on powdered activated carbon in order to induct magnetic effect, respectively. Adsorbent characteristics were analyzed using SEM and XRD techniques. The pH, contact time, stirring rounds, adsorbent dose and the concentration of chromium was determined in optimal condition by Regression coefficient (R2). Then the isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic equations of adsorption were investigated based on optimum conditions. Statical analysis was done by Design Expert software. Results: The highest removal efficiency was observed in pH=3, 60 minutes contact time and 0.5 g/L of adsorbent dose in the initial concentration of 4 mg/l chromium. Isotherm and kinetic studies also showed that adsorption process of chromium follows the Freundlich model (R2>0.991) and pseudo-second order model kinetics (R2>0.982) respectively. In evaluating the reaction thermodynamic, values of ∆Ho and ∆So was equal to 146.99 and -0.452 respectively, which illustrates reactions are endothermic and spontaneous. Conclusion: Powdered activated carbon modified by zero-valent iron has the ability to remove chromium effectively and could be separated from the sample by magnet simply due to its magnetic property. Keywords: Chromium(VI), Adsorption, Magnetic activated carbon, Nano zero valent iro

Geology, geochemistry, fluid inclusion data, stable isotope characteristics, and ore genesis of the Barout Aghaji gold deposit, NW Zanjan, Iran

The Barout Aghaji gold deposit is located ∼90 km northwest of Zanjan, within the Takab-Takht-e-Soleyman subzone of the Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphosed-deformed zone. Ore-bearing quartz veins are hosted by Neoproterozoic amphibolite and Eocene to Oligocene granitic gneisses. Oligo-Miocene Upper Red Formation unconformably overlies the amphibolite and granitic gneisses. Field observations and petrographic studies show that two deformation stages occurred in this area. The first deformation stage was ductile, producing mylonitic and proto-mylonitic microstructures, but the second one was brittle, represented by sheeted quartz veins and veinlets. In the first stage, barren milky quartz veins occurred containing minor sulfide minerals, but dark to light gray ore-bearing quartz veins and veinlets are formed in the latter stage. The mineralized veins appear as massive microcrystalline quartz cut by sheeted quartz veins with comb, druse, and crustiform textures. The gold-bearing quartz veins contain as much as 3% sulfide minerals. Pyrite is the main sulfide mineral and is associated with minor chalcopyrite. Sulfides are commonly altered to hematite, goethite, and rarely malachite. Hydrothermal alteration around the quartz veins consists of silicification, pyritization, and sericitization. The whole-rock geochemistry of the collected samples from the granitic gneisses and quartz veins shows that Au is enriched in the quartz veins (average of 114 ppb) relative to host rocks (average of 22.5 ppb). Au shows strong positive correlations with As, Ba, Mo, Pb, Sc, Tl, Ag, and negative correlations with Cu, Bi, Se, and Te in the granitic gneisses. It also shows strong positive correlations with S, Hg, Th, Co, Bi, Pb, and Ag and negative correlations with P, V, Te, W, Sc, Zn in quartz veins. Four types of primary fluid inclusions were identified, including type I, two-phase aqueous-rich fluid inclusions (liquid > vapor; LV); type II, two-phase vapor-rich fluid inclusions (gas > liquid; VL); type III, three-phase fluid inclusions containing CO2 with clathrate formation (L1L2V); and type IV three-phase fluid inclusions (aqueous, vapor, and solid; LVS). The homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in auriferous quartz veins range from 199 −446 with a mode of 270–300 °C. Salinities range from 0.8 to 49.02 wt% NaCl Equiv. with two distinct populations at 0.8–8.5 and 31.1–49.02 wt% NaCl Equiv. The large variations in the homogenization temperatures and salinities can be attributed to the cooling and isothermal mixing of fluids. The δ34S values for four pyrites separated from auriferous quartz veins range from +2.9 to +7.1‰, with an average of 4.5‰. δ34S values of fluids in equilibrium with pyrite were calculated from +3.5 to +7.3‰, with an average of 5.4‰, indicating a metamorphic source for the sulfur using temperatures estimated from the fluid inclusion study. The Field observations, vein textures, mineralogy, ore geochemistry, fluid inclusion studies, and sulfur isotope data indicate that gold mineralization in the Barout Aghaji area has many similarities to orogenic and intrusion-related gold deposits, such that low salinity fluids derived from metamorphic rocks are mixed with high salinity fluid inclusions possibly derived from granitic gneisses during syn to post tectonic magmatism

Survival analysis for predictive factors of delay vaccination in Iranian children

Background: Today, beside immunization coverage the age appropriate vaccination is another helpful index in public health. Evidences have shown that high immunization coverage rates do not necessarily imply age-appropriate vaccination status. The current study aimed to show the predictive factors of delayed vaccination by survival models. Methods: A historical cohort study conducted on 3610 children aged between 24 and 47 months who was living in the suburbs of five big cities of Iran. Time of delay in vaccination of first dose of mumps-measles-rubella (MMR) was calculated from date of vaccination minus age appropriate time according to vaccine card. Kaplan-Maier and Log rank tests were used for comparison the median of delay time. For controlling of confounding variables, multivariate cox model was used and hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval (95%) was reported. Results: The mean ± standard deviation and median interquartile range of delay time was 38.34 ± 73.1 and 16 (11-31) days in delayed group. The Log rank test showed that city of living, nationality, parents′ education, and birth order are related with prolonged delay time in MMR vaccination (P 0.05). Cox regression showed that city of living, mother education, and nationality are the most predictive factors of delay time duration in MMR vaccination. Conclusions: Delay time duration of vaccination increased by faring from capital to the east south. Moreover, concentration of foreign immigrants in big cities and low level of mother education are the most predictors of delayed vaccination. Educational intervention should focus on immigrants and mothers with low education level

Hypo-pigmented mycosis fungoides is a rare malignancy in pediatrics

Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides (HMF) is an uncommon form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. It can be seen in children and is usually mistaken for eczema, vitiligo, or progressive macular hypomelanosis, clinically and histopathologically. We present a boy with HMF confirmed by histopathology. The patient had a course with slow clinical progression without Sezary syndrome