Framework of stratified residential property management services

This study focuses on the development of stratified residential property management services framework by identifying and investigating the management services and their major attributes in providing a well-structured framework of property management service delivery. The methodology towards this study involves the intensive reading and review of various literatures on the subject title and a group discussion. A panel of experts drawn from industry provides advice and evaluates the identified services and attributes and framework development. Based on literature review and focus group discussion, a theoretical framework was developed. The framework was underpinned by eleven core activities and their major attributes that emerged from the research findings. These core activities and attributes have been identified both nationally and internationally as being crucial to the effective stratified residential property management service delivery

Survey on antimicrobial usage in local dairy cows in North-central Nigeria: Drivers for misuse and public health threats.

BACKGROUND:Antimicrobials are used as a measure to maintain good health and productivity of lactating cows. This study assessed pastoralists' knowledge and practices regarding AMU in lactating cows; and risk pathways for AMR dissemination from cow milk to humans. METHODS:Interview questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Fulani pastoral communities. Frequencies and proportions were used for descriptive statistics. Chi-square test and multivariable logistic regressions were used for analytic statistics at 95% confidence level. RESULTS:All recruited 384 pastoral households participated. About 11% of participants indicated antimicrobials misuse as when given at under-dose, while 58.9% had no knowledge of what antimicrobial misuse entailed. Most participants (51.6%) were unaware about effects of improper AMU. Most respondents (61.7%) reported self-prescription of antimicrobials used on cows. Also, 67.4% of respondents reported arbitrary applications of antimicrobials used in cows, while 15% used antimicrobials to increase milk yield. Frequently used antimicrobials were: tetracycline (98.7%), penicillin (96.6%), streptomycin (95.8%) and sulfonamides (95.3%). Consumption of raw milk and milk products (p = 0.010); contacts with contaminated udder (p = 0.002); and aerosols of discarded contaminated milk P = 0.001) were perceived risk pathways for spread of antimicrobial resistance from cow milk. Improper AMU (p<0.001), non-enforcement of regulating laws (p<0.001), weak financial status (p<0.001), and low education and expertise (p<0.001) influenced antimicrobials misuse in lactating cows. CONCLUSIONS:This study highlighted low levels of knowledge, risk perceptions and practices regarding AMU and AMR among survey pastoralists. This calls for education of the vulnerable populations on promotion of prudent AMU in lactating cows through 'One Health' approach, to assure food safety, food security, and public and environmental health

Looking for a new antitubercular pharmacophore site: synthesis and bioactivity of spiroheterocycles 2,3 ',4 '-tri-subsituted-1,2-dihydro-4H,4 ' H-spiro[isoquinoline-3,5 '-isoxazol]-4-ones

Synthesis of a series of fourteen novel 2,3',4'-tri-subsituted-1,2-dihydro-4H,4'H-spiro[isoquinoline-3,5'-isoxazol]-4-ones was accomplished in good yield by regio and stereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of p-R-2-benzadoxime 4-8 with dipolarophiles (3Z)-3-[(4-substituted-phenyl)methylidene]-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydroisoquinolin-4(1H)-ones 1-3. The structure of the isolated products 9-23 was established through different spectroscopic techniques. X-Ray crystal structure analysis of one of the products confirms the structure and the selective region and stereochemistry of this cycloaddition. Their antitubercular activity is also evaluated