675 research outputs found
Invitation systems and identification in Late Iron Age southern Scandinavia? The gold foil figures from a new perspective
Get PDFThe ability to identify oneself has always been important, because people in all periods entered into relationships in which their role depended upon their identity. This must have been of great importance to long-distance connections in prehistory, in cases where people did not know the appearance of the foreign individuals they were to connect with. The aim of this article is to present an idea of how a system of identification may have been established. It is intended as âfood for thoughtâ on the subject. Gold foil figures could have played a role in prehistoric invitation systems, the identification of a personâs true identity and in the dependency upon magnates in southern Scandinavia during the 6thâ8th centuries AD. The gold foil figures may have been tokens issued by the magnate and served as invitations to special events, at a time when there was apparently a preoccupation with organising cult activities at the elite residences and restricting places at and admission to such events. The figures did not guarantee that it was the right guests who arrived on these occasions, but presenting this type of token may have minimised the risk of allowing in impostors
Purinergic effects on Na,K-ATPase activity differ in rat and human skeletal muscle
Get PDF activity of the Na,K-ATPase in rat muscle. The hypothesis that a similar mechanism is present in human skeletal muscle was investigated with membranes from rat and human skeletal muscle. dependent Na,K-ATPase activity in rat muscle membranes, whereas similar treatments of human muscle membranes lowered the Na,K-ATPase activity. UTP incubation resulted in unchanged Na,K-ATPase activity in humans, but pre-incubation with the antagonist suramin resulted in inhibition with UTP, suggesting that P2Y receptors are involved. The Na,K-ATPase in membranes from both rat and human could be stimulated by protein kinase A and C activation. Thus, protein kinase A and C activation can increase Na,K-ATPase activity in human muscle but not via P2Y receptor stimulation. receptor).Rat muscle is not a reliable model for purinergic effects on Na,K-ATPase in human skeletal muscle
"Sour Milk" Corporate Branding under Surrogate Boycotts - the case of Arla Foods in the Muhammad Crisis
Get PDFSurrogate boycotts are highly threatening for corporations in terms of both economical cost and image damage. All corporations are due to our globalized environment and increased stakeholder fragmentation gradually more risking to become victims of surrogate boycotts, which of nature is hard if not impossible to predict and prevent. Corporations are generally recommended to build clear and strong corporate identities, which should be reflected in their most important stakeholders, as this will secure minimum damage on the corporate image. Even a surrogate boycott situation can have positive effects on corporations, especially in terms of image, as such situation increases the brand involvement and thereby make it possible for corporations to connect with important stakeholders on an emotional level
Dispersal, growth and diet of stocked and wild northern pike fry in a shallow natural lake, with implications for management of stocking programs
Get PDFCharakterisierung der E179K-Variante des Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 Proteins in vitro
Get PDFDer TRPA1-Kanal gehört zur Familie der transient receptor potential-KanĂ€le (TRPs) und wird nach heutigem Wissensstand der Untergruppe der thermosensitiven TRP-KanĂ€le zugeordnet. Er wird bevorzugt im Nervensystem exprimiert, wo er hauptsĂ€chlich die Aufgabe eines KĂ€lterezeptors, insbesondere fĂŒr schmerzhafte KĂ€lte erfĂŒllt. Eine Transition von Guanin zu Adenin an Position 710 der TRPA1 DNA (710G>A) fĂŒhrt zu einer AminosĂ€uresubstitution von Glutamat (E) zu Lysin (K) an Position 179 (E179K) in der N-terminalen Ankyrin-Repeat-DomĂ€ne 4. Bei chronischen Schmerzpatienten, die unter âparadoxical heat sensationâ (PHS) litten, wurde diese E179K-Variante signifikant hĂ€ufiger beobachtet. Es wurde folglich die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass die Variante zu einer âloss of functionâ des TRPA1-Kanals fĂŒhrt. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit sollte ermittelt werden, ob die TRPA1-E179K-Varianten in einem HEK 293T/17-Zell-in-vitro-Expressionssystem unterschiedliche Expression und/oder Funktion aufweisen. Auf mRNA- und Protein-Ebene zeigten die Ergebnisse, dass der Wildtyp 710G im Vergleich zur Variante 710A nach thermaler Stimulation signifikant stĂ€rker exprimiert wurde. Bei den Versuchen zum Nachweis des Trafficking des TRPA1-Proteins wurde gezeigt, dass der Wildtyp E179-TRPA1 in der Zellmembran bei Stimulation mit KĂ€lte transloziert wird. Bei der Variante K179-TRPA1 war dies nicht zu beobachten. In der Immunhistochemie wurden bei Stimulation mit KĂ€lte und Hitze Proteine beider Varianten zum Teil in der Zellmembran transloziert. Bei Experimenten zur PrĂŒfung der FunktionalitĂ€t zeigte der Kalzium-Influx beim Wildtyp E179 nach 5 min die maximale Ca2+-Konzentration. Bei der K179-Variante war dagegen kein erhöhter Influx zu messen. Die Ergebnisse lassen darauf schlieĂen, dass die E179K-Variante nicht funktionsfĂ€hig ist und dass womöglich diese loss-of-function zu Disinhibition des physiologischen Gleichgewichtes zwischen kĂ€lte- und wĂ€rmevermittelten Signalkaskaden und damit zu PHS fĂŒhren kann
Front crawl swimming analysis using accelerometers:A preliminary comparison between pool and flume
Get PDFAbstractBiomechanical characteristics such as stroke rate and stroke length can be used to determine the velocity of a swimmer and can be analysed in both a swimming pool and a flume. The aim of the present preliminary study was to investigate the differences between the acceleration data collected from a swimming pool with that collected from a flume, as a function of the swimmer's stroke rate and stroke count, with the objective of identifying the impact on the swimmer's performance. The differences were determined by the analysis of the stroke's features, comparing several strokes normalized to one stroke count from an elite swimmer. Triaxial accelerometer logging using a sensor located in an arm band positioned immediately in the wrist was used to record the swimmer's stroke. There is statistical evidence that show that there are small differences between the pool and flume on medio-lateral wrist movements (0.64 < r < 0.75). The correlation coefficients are (0.75 < r < 0.83) and (0.82 < r < 0.89) for the other two axes
Effects of 12 weeks high-intensity & reduced-volume training in elite athletes
Get PDFIt was investigated if high-intensity interval training (HIT) at the expense of total training volume improves performance, maximal oxygen uptake and swimming economy. 41 elite swimmers were randomly allocated to a control (CON) or HIT group. For 12 weeks both groups trained âŒ12 h per week. HIT comprised âŒ5 h vs. 1 h and total distance was âŒ17 km vs. 35 km per week for HIT and CON, respectively. HIT was performed as 6-10Ă10-30 s maximal effort interspersed by 2â4 minutes of rest. Performance of 100 m all-out freestyle and 200 m freestyle was similar before and after the intervention in both HIT (60.4±4.0 vs. 60.3±4.0 s; nâ=â13 and 133.2±6.4 vs. 132.6±7.7 s; nâ=â14) and CON (60.2±3.7 vs. 60.6±3.8 s; nâ=â15 and 133.5±7.0 vs. 133.3±7.6 s; nâ=â15). Maximal oxygen uptake during swimming was similar before and after the intervention in both the HIT (4.0±0.9 vs. 3.8±1.0 l O(2)Ămin(â1); nâ=â14) and CON (3.8±0.7 vs. 3.8±0.7 l O(2)Ămin(â1); nâ=â11) group. Oxygen uptake determined at fixed submaximal speed was not significantly affected in either group by the intervention. Body fat % tended to increase (Pâ=â0.09) in the HIT group (15.4±1.6% vs. 16.3±1.6%; Pâ=â0.09; nâ=â16) and increased (P<0.05) in the CON group (13.9±1.5% vs. 14.9±1.5%; nâ=â17). A distance reduction of 50% and a more than doubled HIT amount for 12 weeks did neither improve nor compromise performance or physiological capacity in elite swimmers
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