Study of the Technological Properties of Pedrosillano Chickpea Aquafaba and Its Application in the Production of Egg-Free Baked Meringues

[EN] Aquafaba is a by-product derived from legume processing. The aim of this study was to assess the compositional differences and the culinary properties of Pedrosillano chickpea aquafaba prepared with different cooking liquids (water, vegetable broth, meat broth and the covering liquid of canned chickpeas) and to evaluate the sensory characteristics of French-baked meringues made with the different aquafaba samples, using egg white as a control. The content of total solids, protein, fat, ash and carbohydrates of the aquafaba samples were quantified. Foaming and emulsifying capacities, as well as the foam and emulsions stabilities were determined. Instrumental and panel-tester analyses were accomplished to evaluate the sensory characteristics of French-baked meringues. The ingredients added to the cooking liquid and the intensity of the heat treatment affected the aquafaba composition and culinary properties. All types of aquafaba showed good foaming properties and intermediate emulsifying capacities; however, the commercial canned chickpea’s aquafaba was the most similar to egg white. The aquafaba meringues showed less alveoli, greater hardness and fracturability and minimal color changes after baking compared with egg white meringues; the meat and vegetable broth’s aquafaba meringues were the lowest rated by the panel-tester and those prepared with canned aquafaba were the highest scored in the sensory analysisSIThis research received no external fundin

Fate of stent-related side branches after coronary intervention in patients with in-stent restenosis

AbstractOBJECTIVESWe sought to assess the fate of stent (ST)-related side branches (SB) after coronary intervention in patients with in-ST restenosis.BACKGROUNDIn-ST restenosis constitutes a therapeutic challenge. Although the fate of lesion-related SB after conventional angioplasty or initial coronary stenting is well established, the outcome of ST-related SB in patients with in-ST restenosis undergoing repeat intervention is unknown.METHODSOne hundred consecutive patients (age 61 ± 11 years, 22 women) undergoing repeat intervention for in-ST restenosis (101 ST) were prospectively studied. Two hundred and twenty-six SB spanned by the ST were identified. The SB size, type, ostium involvement, location within the ST and take-off angle were evaluated. The SB TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction trial) flow grade was studied in detail before, during, immediately after the procedure, and at late angiography.RESULTSOcclusion (TIMI flow grade = 0) was produced in 24 (10%) SB, whereas some degree of flow deterioration (≥1 TIMI flow grade) was observed in 57 SB (25%). The SB occlusion was associated with non–Q wave myocardial infarction in two patients (both had large and diseased SB). Side-branch occlusion at the time of initial stenting (RR [relative risk] 11.1, 95% CI [confidence interval] 3.5–35.5, p < 0.001), diabetes (RR 3.5, 95% CI 1.1–10.5, p = 0.02), SB ostium involvement (RR 5.0, 95% CI 1.4–17.2, p = 0.004), baseline SB TIMI flow grade <3 (RR 5.5, 95% CI 1.7–18.1, p = 0.005), and restenosis length (RR 1.05 95% CI 1.01–1.11, p = 0.03) were identified as independent predictors of SB occlusion. Late angiography in 19 initially occluded SB revealed that 17 (89%) were patent again. The long-term clinical event-free survival (81% vs. 82% at two years) in patients with and without initial SB occlusion was similar.CONCLUSIONSOcclusion or flow deterioration of SB spanned by the ST is relatively common during repeat intervention for in-ST restenosis. Several factors (mainly anatomic features) are useful predictors of this event. However, most SB occlusions are clinically silent and frequently reappear at follow-up

Morphometric Assessment of Coronary Stenosis Relevance With Optical Coherence Tomography A Comparison With Fractional Flow Reserve and Intravascular Ultrasound

ObjectivesThe study sought to assess the diagnostic efficiency of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in identifying hemodynamically severe coronary stenoses as determined by fractional flow reserve (FFR). Concomitant OCT and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) area measurements were performed in a subgroup of patients to compare the diagnostic efficiency of both techniques.BackgroundThe value of OCT to determine stenosis severity remains unsettled.MethodsSixty-one stenoses with intermediate angiographic severity were studied in 56 patients. Stenoses were labeled as severe if FFR ≤0.80. OCT interrogation was performed in all cases, with concomitant IVUS imaging in 47 cases.ResultsAngiographic stenosis severity was 50.9 ± 8% diameter stenosis with 1.28 ± 0.3 mm minimal lumen diameter. FFR was ≤0.80 in 28 (45.9%) stenoses. An overall moderate diagnostic efficiency of OCT was found (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61 to 0.84), with sensitivity/specificity of 82%/63% associated with an optimal cutoff value of 1.95 mm2. Comparison of the results in patients with simultaneous IVUS and OCT imaging revealed no significant differences in the diagnostic efficiency of OCT (AUC: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.55 to 0.83) and IVUS (AUC. 0.63; 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.77; p = 0.19). Sensitivity/specificity for IVUS was 67%/65% for an optimal cutoff value of 2.36 mm2. In the subgroup of small vessels (reference diameter <3 mm) OCT showed a significantly better diagnostic efficiency (AUC: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.89) than IVUS (AUC: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.78) to identify functionally significant stenoses (p = 0.04).ConclusionsOCT has a moderate diagnostic efficiency in identifying hemodynamically severe coronary stenoses. Although OCT seems slightly superior to IVUS for this purpose (particularly in vessels <3 mm), its low specificity precludes its use as a substitute of FFR for functional stenosis assessment

Influence of the Breed of Sheep on the Characteristics of Zamorano Cheese

[EN]This work aimed to study the effects of using ewe’s milk from Churra, Assaf, or both breeds on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of Zamorano cheese at the end of ripening. Zamorano cheese is a hard variety with protected designation of origin (PDO) produced in the province of Zamora (Spain) with raw or pasteurized ewe’s milk. Five batches of Zamorano cheese were produced with pasteurized ewe’s milk. One batch was elaborated using milk from the Churra breed, the other using milk from the Assaf breed, and the remaining three employed milk mixtures of Churra and Assaf breeds in the proportions 75:25, 50:50 and, 25:75, respectively. Cheeses made with a higher proportion of Churra milk showed a predominance of hydrophilic peptides, while hydrophobic peptides predominated in cheeses with a greater percentage of milk from the Assaf breed. The largest content of most free amino acids was found in cheeses produced with the highest percentage of Churra milk. These cheeses presented the highest values for fat acidity index and free fatty acids content and showed greater elasticity and adhesiveness, as well as lower granularity and hardness. In the sensory evaluation, aftertaste and persistence were higher in these cheeses, being scored with the best overall values.S

Clinical variables related with in-stent restenosis late regression after bare metal coronary stenting

In-stent restenosis (ISR) has an incidence between 20% and 30% using bare metal stents. ISR late regression phenomenon (ISRLR) has been previously described, but clinical variables related with this phenomenon remain unclear. The aim of the study was to identify the variables related with ISRLR. Methods: We identified from our data base 30 patients between November 1995 and September 2002 that fulfilled the following criteria: 1) Documented ISR at follow-up angiography (CA-1); 2) treated medically; and 3) Referred for a second follow-up angiography (CA-2) at least 3 months after CA-1. ISRLR was defined as a > 0.2 mm increase in MLD between CA-1 and CA-2, calculated as the 2-fold of our inter-observer variability. ISR late progression was defined as a > 0.2 mm decrease in minimum lumen diameter (MLD) between CA-1 and CA-2. Results: At the time of CA-2 only 2 patients (6.7%) had symptoms related with the previously stented vessel. We found a mean MLD of 1.03 ± 0.34 mm and 1.54 ± 0.48 mm at CA-1 and CA-2 respectively (&#916;MLD = 0.51 ± 0.34 mm; p < 0.001). Twenty four patients (80.0%) had ISRLR. Two variables were related to the presence or absence ISRLR: Current smoking at the time of coronary stenting (70.8% vs 20.0% respectively, p = 0.026) and acute coronary syndrome as clinical indication for coronary stenting (and 83.5% vs 40.0% respectively, p = 0.029). Conclusion: ISRLR is afrequent phenomenon in patients with ISR treated medically, probably contributing to the benign long-term clinical outcome that has been previously described in patients with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic ISR. Current smoking at the time of coronary stenting and acute coronary syndrome as clinical indication for coronary stenting are associated with this phenomenon

Multiple congenital coronary artery fistulae draining into the left ventrice

Coronary artery fistula between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber is a rare condition, especially when multiple fistulas communicate with the left ventricle. Herein we report a case of an elderly woman with multiple diffuse coronary artery-left ventricular fistulas diagnosed by angiography. Since the coronary artery-cardiac chamber communications were multiple and diffuse neither surgery nor transcatheter coil occlusion was considered in this case