Polarizing Double Negation Translations

Double-negation translations are used to encode and decode classical proofs in intuitionistic logic. We show that, in the cut-free fragment, we can simplify the translations and introduce fewer negations. To achieve this, we consider the polarization of the formul{\ae}{} and adapt those translation to the different connectives and quantifiers. We show that the embedding results still hold, using a customized version of the focused classical sequent calculus. We also prove the latter equivalent to more usual versions of the sequent calculus. This polarization process allows lighter embeddings, and sheds some light on the relationship between intuitionistic and classical connectives

A new approach for neural networks: the scalar distributed representation

Nowadays, neural networks are largely used in signal and image processing . We propose a new neuron model that uses a special coding for its output, which we will call « Scalar Distributed Representation (SDR) . This representation is hased on the idea of representing the neurones output by a function, and not only hy a scalar . We show that SDR produces a non-linear behaviour of connections between neurons . The SDR is described in general and then adapted on practical considerations. We consider the use of SDR for a Multi-Layer Perceptror and we propose a learning algorithm .Finally, we validate the model on two applications : dimensionality reduction, and prediction . In both cases, an important benefit is obtained over the classical model .Les réseaux de neurones sont actuellement d'usage courant en traitement du signal et de l'image. Nous proposons un nouveau modèle de neurone qui utilise un codage particulier de sa sortie que nous nommerons «Représentation Scalaire Distribuée» (RSD). Cette représentation repose sur l'idée de représenter la sortie d'un neurone par une fonction et non par un scalaire. Nous montrons que la RSD induit un comportement non linéaire des connexions entre neurones. La RSD est décrite dans toute sa généralité, puis particularisée pour sa mise en œuvre pratique. Nous considérons notamment la mise en œuvre de la RSD dans un réseau de neurones de type Perceptron Multi-Couches, et nous proposons un algorithme d'apprentissag

Classifying Crises-Information Relevancy with Semantics

Social media platforms have become key portals for sharing and consuming information during crisis situations. However, humanitarian organisations and affected communities often struggle to sieve through the large volumes of data that are typically shared on such platforms during crises to determine which posts are truly relevant to the crisis, and which are not. Previous work on automatically classifying crisis information was mostly focused on using statistical features. However, such approaches tend to be inappropriate when processing data on a type of crisis that the model was not trained on, such as processing information about a train crash, whereas the classifier was trained on floods, earthquakes, and typhoons. In such cases, the model will need to be retrained, which is costly and time-consuming. In this paper, we explore the impact of semantics in classifying Twitter posts across same, and different, types of crises. We experiment with 26 crisis events, using a hybrid system that combines statistical features with various semantic features extracted from external knowledge bases. We show that adding semantic features has no noticeable benefit over statistical features when classifying same-type crises, whereas it enhances the classifier performance by up to 7.2% when classifying information about a new type of crisis

Resolution in Solving Graph Problems

International audienceResolution is a proof-search method for proving unsatisfia-bility problems. Various refinements have been proposed to improve the efficiency of this method. However, when we try to prove some graph properties, it seems that none of the refinements have an efficiency comparable with traditional graph traversal algorithms. In this paper we propose a way of encoding some graph problems as resolution. We define a selection function and a new subsumption rule to avoid redundancies while solving such problems

Challenging the growing rabbit with a moderately pathogenic E. coli under ad libitum or limited feed intake conditions: impact on digestive physiology, bacterial communities, and on post-weaning growth

[EN] The impact of a challenge with moderately pathogenic Escherichia coli O128:C6 on the digestive physiology and gut bacterial community of growing rabbits under two feeding programmes was analysed. Upon weaning (28 d old), 180 rabbits were allocated to four groups (9 cages of 5 rabbits per group) for two weeks: group C100 was non-inoculated and fed ad libitum; C70 was non-inoculated and feed intake was limited to 70% of C100; I100 and I70 were inoculated and fed ad libitum or restricted to 70%, respectively. At the age of 31 d (D0), rabbits were orally inoculated with E. coli (2.2×108 colony forming units/rabbit). The effects of inoculation spiked on D4, with a 28% lower growth rate for I100 than for C100. Limited feed intake reinforced the inoculation’s effects on growth: I70 had a 66% lower growth rate than C70. The morbidity rate peaked at 42% between D4 and D7 for inoculated groups, without significant effect of the feed intake level. E. coli concentration peaked on D5/D6 in the caecum of the I100 and I70 groups. Inoculation reduced by 30% (P<0.05) the villus height/crypt depth and villus/crypt area ratios in the ileum, with no significant effect of the intake level. Inoculation was associated with a tenfold increase in serum haptoglobin (P<0.001) for both ad libitum and restricted rabbits. On D5, the inoculation modified the structure of the ileal bacterial community (P<0.05), but not that of the caecum. The feed intake level did not affect either the structure or diversity of the bacterial community, both in the ileum and caecum.The authors would like to thank Alain Milon and Stéphane Bertagnoli (ENV Toulouse) who provided the E. coli O128:C6 strain we used. We are also grateful to ANSES staff in the “Service d’Elevage et d’Expérimentation en Pathologie Aviaire” (M. Amelot, L. Le Moal, T. Le Coq, D. Courtois and M. Morvan) and for the technical help of F. Lalande (HQPAP, ANSES) and L. Gordon.Martignon, M.; Burel, C.; Licois, D.; Reperant, E.; Postollec, G.; Valat, C.; Gidenne, TN. (2021). Challenging the growing rabbit with a moderately pathogenic E. coli under ad libitum or limited feed intake conditions: impact on digestive physiology, bacterial communities, and on post-weaning growth. World Rabbit Science. 29(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2021.14089OJS110291Agnoletti F. 2012. Update on rabbit enteric diseases: despite improved diagnostic capacity, where does disease control and prevention stand? In: Proc. 10th World Rabbit Congress, World Rabbit Science Association (WRSA) publ., Sharm El Sheik, Egypt, 1113-1127.Allison S.D., Martiny J.B.H. 2008. Resistance, resilience, and redundancy in microbial communities. Proc. Nat. Academy Sci., 105: 11512-11519. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801925105Antonopoulos D.A., Huse S.M., Morrison H.G., Schmidt T.M., Sogin M.L., Young V.B. 2009. Reproducible community dynamics of the gastrointestinal microbiota following antibiotic perturbation. Infect. Immunity 77: 2367-2375. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01520-08Bennegadi N., Gidenne T., Licois D. 2001. Impact of fibre deficiency and sanitary status on non-specific enteropathy of the growing rabbit. Anim. Res., 50: 401-413. https://doi.org/10.1051/animres:2001135Boisot P., Licois D., Gidenne T. 2003. Une restriction alimentaire réduit l'impact sanitaire d'une reproduction expérimentale de l'entéropathie épizootique (EEL) chez le lapin en croissance. In: Proc. "10èmes Journées de la Recherche Cunicole", Paris, France, 267-370.Camguilhem R., Milon A., 1989. Biotypes and O serogroups of Escherichia coli involved in intestinal infections of weaned rabbits: clues to diagnosis of pathogenic strains. J. Clin. Microb., 27: 743-747. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.27.4.743-747.1989Cantey J.R., Inman L.R. 1981. Diarrhea due to Escherichia coli strain RDEC-1 in the rabbit. The Peyer's patch as the initial site of attachement and colonization. J. Infect. Diseases, 143: 440-446. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/143.3.440Combes S., Nice F., Licois D., Fortun-Lamothe L., Gidenne T. 2009. Response of digestive bacterial community of rabbits after experimental infection of epizootic enteropathy syndrome (ERE). In: Proc. 13èmes Journées de la Recherche Cunicole (Bolet G., Ed.), ITAVI publ., Paris., France, 227-230.Combes S., Massip K., Martin O., Furbeyre H., Cauquil L., Pascal G., Bouchez O., Le Floc'h N., Zemb O., Oswald I.P., Gidenne T., 2017. Impact of feed restriction and housing hygiene conditions on specific and inflammatory immune response, the cecal bacterial community and the survival of young rabbits. Animal, 11: 854-863. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731116002007Coussement W., Ducatelle R., Charlier G., Okerman L., Hoorens J. 1984. Pathology of experimental colibacillosis in rabbits. J. Vet. Med., 31: 64-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.1984.tb01282.xEuropean Union 2003. Protection of Animals used for Experimental Purposes. Directive 86/609/EEC of 24th novembre 1986, amended 16th septembre 2003. In: Official Journal of European Union.Fortun-Lamothe L., Boullier S. 2007. A review on the interactions between gut microflora and digestive mucosal immunity. Possible ways to improve the health of rabbits. Livest. Sci., 107: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2006.09.005Foubert C., Duperray J., Boisot P., Guyonvarch A. 2008. Effect of feed restriction with or without free access to drinking water on performance of growing rabbits in healthy or epizootic rabbit enteropathy conditions. In: Proc. 9th World Rabbit Congress (Xiccato G., Trocino A., Lukefahr S.D., Eds.). Fond. Ini. Zooprofilattiche E Zoot. Publ., Brescia Italy, 667-671.Georgieva T., Penchev Georgiev I., Tanev S., Vachkov A., Petrov V., Eckersall P. D., Sotirov L., Lazarov L., Christov T.S., Nikolov J. 2009. Variations of acute phase protein (haptoglobin, fibrinogen and ceruloplasmin) concentrations in weaning rabbits after experimental infection with E. coli. Rev. Médecine Vét. 160: 133-139.Gidenne T., Licois D. 2005. Effect of a high fibre intake on the resistance of the growing rabbit to an experimental inoculation with an enteropathogenic strain of Escherichia coli. Anim. Sci., 80: 281-288. https://doi.org/10.1079/ASC41570281Gidenne T., Combes S., Fortun-Lamothe L. 2012. Feed intake limitation strategies for the growing rabbit: effect on feeding behaviour, welfare, performance, digestive physiology and health: a review. Animal 6: 1407-1419. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731112000389Gidenne T., Lebas F., Savietto D., Dorchies P., Duperray J., Davoust C., Fortun-Lamothe L. 2015. Nutrition et alimentation. In: Le lapin. De la biologie à l'élevage (Gidenne T., Ed.). Quae Éditions Publ., Paris, France, 152-196.Goodlad R.A., Levi S., Lee C.Y., Mandir N., Hodgson H., Wright N.A. 1991. Morphometry and cell proliferation in endoscopic biopsies: evaluation of a technique. Gastroenterology, 101: 1235-1241. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(91)90072-SKimsé M., Combes S., Fortun-Lamothe L., Cauquil L., Monteils V., Bayourthe C., Gidenne T. 2011. Physiopathologic and microbiologic characterisation of Rabbit Epizootic Enteropathy in the growing rabbit - first results. In: Proc. 13èmes Journées de la Recherche Cunicole (Bolet G., Ed.). ITAVI Publ. Paris, 155-158.Le Bouquin S., Jobert J.L., Larour G., Balaine L., Eono F., Boucher S., Huneau A., Michel V. 2009. Risk factors for an acute expression of Epizootic Rabbit Enteropathy syndrome in rabbits after weaning in French kindling-to-finish farms. Livest. Sci., 125: 283-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2009.05.010Le Floc'h N., Knudsen C., Gidenne T., Montagne L., Merlot E., Zemb O. 2014. Impact of feed restriction on health, digestion and faecal microbiota of growing pigs housed in good or poor hygiene conditions. Animal, 8: 1632-1642. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731114001608Licois D. 2004. Domestic rabbit enteropathies. In: Proc. 8th World Rabbit Congress (Becerril C., Pro A., Eds.). Colegio de Postgraduados for WRSA publ., Puebla, Mexico, 385-403. Available at http://www.world-rabbit-science.com/WRSAProceedings/Congress-2004-Puebla/Papers/Pathology/P0-Licois.pdf Accessed July 2020.Licois D., Reynaud A., Federighi M., Gaillard-Martinie B., Guillot, J.F. 1991. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of adherence of Escherichia coli O103 enteropathogenic and/or enterohemorrhagic strain GV in enteric infection in rabbits. Infect. Immunity, 59: 3796-3800. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.59.10.3796-3800.1991Licois D., Guillot J.F., Mouline C., Reynaud A. 1992. Susceptibility of the Rabbit to an Enteropathogenic Strain of Escherichia coli 0103 - Effect of Animals Age. Ann. Rech. Vét., 23: 225-232.Maertens L. 2011. Strategies to Reduce Antibiotic Use in Rabbit Production. J. Agric. Sci. Technol., 1: 783-792.Marlier D., Dewree R., Delleur V., Licois D., Lassence C., Poulipoulis A., Vindevogel H. 2003. A review of the major causes of digestive disorders in the European rabbit. Ann. Rech. Vét., 147: 385-392.Martignon M.H., Combes S., Gidenne T. 2010. Digestive physiology and hindgut bacterial community of the young rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus): Effects of age and short-term intake limitation. Comp. Biochem. Phys. Part A, 156: 156-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.01.017Michelland R.J., Dejean S., Combes S., Fortun-Lamothe L., Cauquil L. 2009. StatFingerprints: A friendly graphical interface program for processing and analysis of microbial fingerprint profiles. Molec. Ecol. Ress., 9: 1359-1363. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02609.xMichelland R.J, Monteils V., Combes S., Cauquil L., Gidenne T., Fortun-Lamothe L. 2011. Changes over time in the bacterial communities associated with fluid and food particles and the ruminal parameters in the bovine rumen before and after a dietary change. Canadian J. Microb., 57: 629-637. https://doi.org/10.1139/w11-053Milon A., Esslinger J., Camguilhem R. 1990. Adhesion of Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrheic weaned rabbits to intestinal villi and hela-cells. Infect. Immunity, 58: 2690-2695. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.58.8.2690-2695.1990Milon A., Esslinger J., Camguilhem R., 1992. Oral vaccination of weaned rabbits against enteropathgenic Escherichia coli-like E. coli O103 infection: use of heterologous strains harboring lipopolysaccharide or adhesin of pathogenic strains. Infect. Immunity, 60: 2702-2709. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.60.7.2702-2709.1992Peeters J.E., Pohi P., Okerman L., Devriese, L. 1984. Pathogenic properties of Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrheic commercial rabbits. J. clin. Microb., 84: 34-39. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.20.1.34-39.1984Peeters J.E., Charlier G., Raeymaekers R. 1985. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of attaching effacing Escherichia coli in weanling rabbits. Vet. Pathol., 22: 54-59. https://doi.org/10.1177/030098588502200109Peeters J.E., Geeroms R., Orskov F., 1988. Biotype, serotype, and pathogenicity of attaching and effacing enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrheic commercial rabbits. Infect. Immunity, 56: 1442-1448. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.56.6.1442-1448.1988Ramette A. 2007. Multivariate analyses in microbial ecology. FEMS Microb. Ecol. 62: 142-160. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00375.xRantzer D., Svendsen J., Westrom B. 1996. Effects of a strategic feed restriction on pig performance and health during the post-weaning period. Acta Agric. Scand. A, 46: 219-226. https://doi.org/10.1080/09064709609415874Rosenzweig M.L. 1995. Species Diversity in Space and Time. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511623387Skrivanová E., Molatová Z., Skrivanová V., Marounek M. 2009. Inhibitory activity of frabbit milk and medium-chain fatty acids against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O128. Vet. Microb., 135: 358-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.09.08

Mine classification based on raw sonar data: shadow contour characterization using a genetic algorithm

In the context of mine warfare, detected objects can be classified from their cast shadow. A standard solution consists in segmenting the image at first (we obtain binary from grey-level image giving the label zero for pixels belonging to the shadow and the label one elsewhere), and then in performing classification from features extracted from the 2D-shape of the segmented shadow. Other pre- or post-processings are generally used to make each step more robust by avoiding a mistake to be propagated through the following steps. In this paper, to focus on the actual goal, we propose a novel approach where a dynamic segmentation scheme is fully classification-oriented. Actually, classification is performed directly from raw image data. The approach is based on the combination of deformable models, genetic algorithms, and statistical image models.Dans le domaine de la chasse aux mines sous-marines, l'objet détecté peut être caractérisé par son ombre portée sur le fond. L'approche classique est séquentielle : l'image sonar est tout d'abord segmentée afin d'obtenir une image binaire partageant les pixels entre la zone d'ombre et la zone de réverbération de fond, puis des attributs caractéristiques sont extraits de la silhouette 2-D correspondant à l'ombre segmentée lesquels servent à classifier l'objet en fin de traitement. À chacune des étapes sont généralement associés des pré- et/ou post-traitements visant à éviter qu'une erreur intervenant à un instant donné de la chaîne de traitement se répercute jusqu'au résultat final. Afin d'optimiser la procédure de classification en se concentrant sur l'objectif ultime de la chaîne de traitement, nous avons mis en oeuvre un processus dynamique pour caractériser le contour de l'ombre à partir de l'image sonar brute en offrant en outre la possibilité de classifier l'objet détecté. Cette approche innovante fait appel aux notions de modèles déformables, modèles statistiques et algorithmes génétiques

Characterization and classification of textures on natural images

The existing texture classification methods are generally based on a parameter extraction stage followed by a classifier stage . Using this kind of method,for an operational application requires to take into account the risk of classes mixture in the parameters space . We propose to take profit of Gagalowicz conjecture in order ta minimise this risk . The conjecture provides us with a set of parameters which totally describe the texture. We show that a connectionnist classifier is able to deal efficiently with these parameters .La plus grande partie des méthodes de classification de textures existantes consiste à alimenter un classifieur par un ensemble de paramètres caractéristiques calculés localement sur l'image texturée. La mise en œuvre de ces méthodes dans le cadre d'applications opérationnelles suppose la prise en compte d'un élément important : le risque de confusion de classes dans l'espace paramétrique. Pour éviter ce problème, nous proposons d'exploiter la conjecture de Gagalowicz [12], qui nous fournit un ensemble de paramètres suffisants pour caractériser totalement la texture. Nous montrons qu'un classifieur connexionniste est capable d'exploiter efficacement ces paramètre

Classification neuronale des fonds marins par modélisation AutoRégressive bidimensionnelle

Cette étude présente une méthode simple et efficace de caractérisation de textures couplée à un modèle neuronal dans le but d'obtenir une classification des fonds marins en imagerie Sonar. Un modèle autorégressif (AR) linéaire est appliqué à l'image Sonar pour en extraire des attributs caractéristiques significatifs. Les performances de la méthode autorégressive sont évaluées à l'aide d'un classifieur neuronal, de type Perceptron MultiCouche (PMC), qui distingue quatre types de fonds : cailloux, dunes, rides de sable et sable. Les bons taux de classification rencontrés pour chaque type de fond sur une base distincte de la base d'apprentissage sont présentés. Une originalité de l'approche réside dans le couplage performant obtenu entre modélisation AR et module neuronal pour l'application concernée

Publishing and sharing multi-dimensional image data with OMERO

Imaging data are used in the life and biomedical sciences to measure the molecular and structural composition and dynamics of cells, tissues, and organisms. Datasets range in size from megabytes to terabytes and usually contain a combination of binary pixel data and metadata that describe the acquisition process and any derived results. The OMERO image data management platform allows users to securely share image datasets according to specific permissions levels: data can be held privately, shared with a set of colleagues, or made available via a public URL. Users control access by assigning data to specific Groups with defined membership and access rights. OMERO’s Permission system supports simple data sharing in a lab, collaborative data analysis, and even teaching environments. OMERO software is open source and released by the OME Consortium at www.openmicroscopy.org

Editorial: Exploring Immune Variability in Susceptibility to Tuberculosis Infection in Humans.

Editorial on the Research Topic - Exploring Immune Variability in Susceptibility to Tuberculosis Infection in Humans. No abstract available