2,041 research outputs found
Charitable Giving by Married Couples: Who Decides and Why Does it Matter?
We examine how charitable giving is influenced by who in the household is primarily responsible for giving decisions. Looking first at single-person households, we find men and women to have significantly different tastes for giving, setting up a potential conflict for married couples. We find that, with respect to total giving, married households tend to resolve these conflicts largely in favor of the husband's preferences. Bargaining over charitable giving, rather than letting one spouse take charge, reduces giving by about six percent. When the woman is the decision maker, she will still make a significantly different allocation of those charity dollars, preferring to give to more charities but to give less to each. Our results give new insights into both the demographics of charitable giving and the costliness of household bargaining.
Charitable Giving by Married Couples: Who Decides and Why Does it Matter?
We examine how charitable giving is influenced by who in the household is primarily responsible for giving decisions. Looking first at single-person households, we find men and women to have significantly different tastes for giving, setting up a potential conflict for married couples. We find that, with respect to total giving, married households tend to resolve these conflicts largely in favor of the husband’s preferences. However, when the woman is the decision maker, she will still make a significantly different allocation of those charity dollars, preferring to give to more charities but to give less to each. We find our results give new insights into both issues of charitable giving and household decision making.
Charitable Giving by Married Couples: Who Decides and Why Does it Matter?
We examine how charitable giving is influenced by who in the household is primarily responsible for giving decisions. Looking first at single-person households, we find men and women to have significantly different tastes for giving, setting up a potential conflict for married couples. We find that, with respect to total giving, married households tend to resolve these conflicts largely in favor of the husband's preferences. However, when the woman is the decision maker, she will still make a significantly different allocation of those charity dollars, preferring to give to more charities but to give less to each. We find our results give new insights into both issues of charitable giving and household decision making.
Managing Cities as Urban Ecosystems: Fundamentals and a Framework for Los Angeles, California
Ecosystem-based frameworks offer a robust platform for managing complex ecological challenges associated with land management. Actionable frameworks for urban ecosystems are just emerging, and the purpose of this essay is to support advancing application in city management contexts. Comprehensive urban ecosystem frameworks have the potential to synergize interrelated, yet often siloed, urban environmental management themes including urban biodiversity and natural features, pollution management, ecosystem services enhancement, and natural hazards; particularly as urban sustainability, resiliency, and infrastructure initiatives increasingly reshape cities and elevate consideration of these topics. This essay begins with a review of fundamentals of urban ecosystems across multiple relevant disciplines leading to a proposed framework for comprehensive urban ecosystem management. It concludes with an application of the framework to create urban ecosystem typologies, a foundational tool in ecosystem management, within the context of Los Angeles, CA, USA. The conceptual framework may be adapted for other cities, particularly those with similar ecologies such as Mediterranean cities
Resisting Colonialism: Cultural Syncretism, Indigenous Agency and Exploition in Colonial Potosí
I analyze the transition indigenous peoples made from their native Andean communities to the Spanish colonial city of Potosí in modern day Bolivia. Although most historic study focuses on the infamous mita system of forced indigenous labor, I study the transition through the indigenous lens to find example of their economic gains as well as the cultural interactions they had with Spaniards. This alternative focus gives Potosí\u27s past a very different characterization, defined less by exploitation and more by cultural syncretism
Isaac V. Brown to Sarah Sabina Kean, March 26, 1830
Isaac V. Brown wrote from Lawrenceville, NJ to Sarah Sabina Kean, addressed to Elizabethtown, NJ to recommend his school for John Kean, her son. There is a note from Sarah wrote on the back that she thought she made the right decision sending him to Highland School instead.https://digitalcommons.kean.edu/lhc_1830s/1015/thumbnail.jp
On the Split Reliability of Graphs
A common model of robustness of a graph against random failures has all
vertices operational, but the edges independently operational with probability
. One can ask for the probability that all vertices can communicate ({\em
all-terminal reliability}) or that two specific vertices (or {\em terminals})
can communicate with each other ({\em two-terminal reliability}). A relatively
new measure is {\em split reliability}, where for two fixed vertices and
, we consider the probability that every vertex communicates with one of
or , but not both. In this paper, we explore the existence for fixed numbers
and of an {\em optimal} connected -graph
for split reliability, that is, a connected graph with vertices
and edges for which for any other such graph , the split reliability of
is at least as large as that of , for {\em all} values of . Unlike the similar problems for all-terminal and two-terminal
reliability, where only partial results are known, we completely solve the
issue for split reliability, where we show that there is an optimal
-graph for split reliability if and only if , , or
.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figure
Landau Collision Integral Solver with Adaptive Mesh Refinement on Emerging Architectures
The Landau collision integral is an accurate model for the small-angle
dominated Coulomb collisions in fusion plasmas. We investigate a high order
accurate, fully conservative, finite element discretization of the nonlinear
multi-species Landau integral with adaptive mesh refinement using the PETSc
library (www.mcs.anl.gov/petsc). We develop algorithms and techniques to
efficiently utilize emerging architectures with an approach that minimizes
memory usage and movement and is suitable for vector processing. The Landau
collision integral is vectorized with Intel AVX-512 intrinsics and the solver
sustains as much as 22% of the theoretical peak flop rate of the Second
Generation Intel Xeon Phi, Knights Landing, processor
U.S. Multinational Services Companies: Effects of Foreign Affiliate Activity on U.S. Employment
This working paper examines the effect that U.S. services firms’ establishment abroad has on domestic employment. Whereas many papers have explored the employment effects of foreign direct investment in manufacturing, few have explored the effects of services investment. We find that services multinationals’ activities abroad increase U.S. employment by promoting intrafirm exports from parent firms to their foreign affiliates. These exports support jobs at the parents’ headquarters and throughout their U.S. supply chains. Our findings are principally based on economic research and econometric analysis performed by Commission staff, services trade and investment data published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, and employment data collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In the aggregate, we find that services activities abroad support nearly 700,000 U.S. jobs. Case studies of U.S. multinationals in the banking, computer, logistics, and retail industries provide the global dimensions of U.S. MNC operations and identify domestic employment effects associated with foreign affiliate activity in each industry
Improved Pill Splitter: An Analysis of 3&4-Point Bending to Split Pills
There is a niche in the pill splitting industry for a more efficient pill splitter. To fill this niche we explore various applications of 3-Point and 4-Point bending to pill splitting. All designs are 3D printed. Due to the elastic nature of PLA plastic, the reality that 3-Point bending may cause pills to fail in compression (as revealed by FEM analysis), and the difficulty in managing volume constraints in a 3-Point bending design, 4-Point bending is considered as a viable option for pill splitting. However, after testing and analysis, the 4-Point bending prototypes generated were able to break pills, but not split in half, which is unacceptable
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