Dissecting the susceptibility/resistance mechanism of Vitis vinifera for the future control of downy mildew

23CO.NA.VI. 2020 – 8° Convegno Nazionale di Viticoltura, Udine, Italy, July 5-7, 2021openInternationalBothThe Eurasian grapevine (Vitis vinifera), a species cultivated worldwide for high-quality wine production, is extremely susceptible to the agent of downy mildew, Plasmopara viticola. Nevertheless, germplasm from Georgia (Southern Caucasus, the first grapevine domestication centre), characterized by a high genetic variability, showed resistance traits to P. viticola. The cultivar Mgaloblishvili exhibited the most promising phenotype in terms of resistance against P. viticola. Its defence response results in: i) low disease intensity; ii) low sporulation; iii) damaged mycelium; iv) production of antimicrobial compounds such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), whose effectiveness on the pathogen was evaluated by leafdisc assays. At the transcriptomic level, its resistance mechanism is determined by the differential expression of both resistance and susceptible genes. The resistance genes are related to: i) pathogen recognition through PAMP, DAMP and effector receptors; ii) ethylene signalling pathway; iii) synthesis of antimicrobial compounds (VOCs) and fungal wall degrading enzymes; iv) development of structural barriers (cell wall reinforcement). The first putative susceptible gene was the transcription factor VviLBDIf7 gene, whose validation was carried out by dsRNA (double-stranded RNA) assay. In this work, these unique results on plant-pathogen interaction are reviewed with the aim of developing new strategies to control the disease.openRicciardi, Valentina; Marcianò, Demetrio; Sargolzaei, Maryam; Marrone Fassolo, Elena; Fracassetti, Daniela; Brilli, Matteo; Moser, Mirko; Vahid, Shariati J.; Tavakole, Elahe; Maddalena, Giuliana; Passera, Alessandro; Casati, Paola; Pindo, Massimo; Cestaro, Alessandro; Costa, Alex; Bonza, Maria Cristina; Maghradze, David; Tirelli, Antonio; Failla, Osvaldo; Bianco, Piero Attilio; Quaglino, Fabio; Toffolatti, Silvia Laura; De Lorenzis, GabriellaRicciardi, V.; Marcianò, D.; Sargolzaei, M.; Marrone Fassolo, E.; Fracassetti, D.; Brilli, M.; Moser, M.; Vahid, S.J.; Tavakole, E.; Maddalena, G.; Passera, A.; Casati, P.; Pindo, M.; Cestaro, A.; Costa, A.; Bonza, M.C.; Maghradze, D.; Tirelli, A.; Failla, O.; Bianco, P.A.; Quaglino, F.; Toffolatti, S.L.; De Lorenzis, G

Il viaggio in Italia

2nonenoneBrilli, Attilio; Puglisi, GiovanniBrilli, Attilio; Puglisi, Giovann

Toscane

Il Volume restituisce in forma di guida, itinerari dignificativi della Regione Toscana, con particolare atytenzione alla Natura, alla Storia e alla linguia, all'Arte e all'Architettura, alla letteratura e alla pittura. Il punto di vista multidisciplinare restituisce al volume il carattere di una 'Guida colta', aperta ad usi e interpretazioni multiple

A Tph2GFP Reporter Stem Cell Line To Model in Vitro and in Vivo Serotonergic Neuron Development and Function

Modeling biological systems in vitro has contributed to clarify complex mechanisms in simplified and controlled experimental conditions. Mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells can be successfully differentiated towards specific neuronal cell fates, thus representing an attractive tool to dissect, in vitro, mechanisms that underlie complex neuronal features. In this study, we generated and characterized a reporter mES cell line, called Tph2(GFP), in which the vital reporter GFP replaces the Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2) gene. Tph2(GFP) mES cells selectively express GFP upon in vitro differentiation towards the serotonergic fate, they synthetize serotonin, possess excitable membranes and show the typical morphological, morphometrical and molecular features of in vivo serotonergic neurons. Thanks to the vital reporter GFP we highlighted by time-lapse video-microscopy several dynamic processes such as cell migration and axonal outgrowth in living cultures. Finally, we demonstrated that pre-differentiated Tph2(GFP) cells are able to terminally differentiate, integrate and innervate the host brain when grafted in vivo. On the whole, the present study introduces the Tph2(GFP) mES cell line as a useful tool allowing accurate developmental and dynamic studies, and represents a reliable platform for the study of serotonergic neurons in health and disease

A <i>Tph2</i>^<i>GFP</i> Reporter Stem Cell Line To Model <i>in Vitro</i> and <i>in Vivo</i> Serotonergic Neuron Development and Function

Modeling biological systems <i>in vitro</i> has contributed to clarification of complex mechanisms in simplified and controlled experimental conditions. Mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells can be successfully differentiated toward specific neuronal cell fates, thus representing an attractive tool to dissect, <i>in vitro</i>, mechanisms that underlie complex neuronal features. In this study, we generated and characterized a reporter mES cell line, called <i>Tph2</i>^<i>GFP</i>, in which the vital reporter GFP replaces the <i>tryptophan hydroxylase 2</i> (<i>Tph2</i>) gene. <i>Tph2</i>^<i>GFP</i> mES cells selectively express GFP upon <i>in vitro</i> differentiation toward the serotonergic fate, they synthesize serotonin, possess excitable membranes, and show the typical morphological, morphometrical, and molecular features of <i>in vivo</i> serotonergic neurons. Thanks to the vital reporter GFP, we highlighted by time-lapse video microscopy several dynamic processes such as cell migration and axonal outgrowth in living cultures. Finally, we demonstrated that predifferentiated <i>Tph2</i>^<i>GFP</i> cells are able to terminally differentiate, integrate, and innervate the host brain when grafted <i>in vivo</i>. On the whole, the present study introduces the <i>Tph2</i>^<i>GFP</i> mES cell line as a useful tool allowing accurate developmental and dynamic studies and representing a reliable platform for the study of serotonergic neurons in health and disease

A <i>Tph2</i>^<i>GFP</i> Reporter Stem Cell Line To Model <i>in Vitro</i> and <i>in Vivo</i> Serotonergic Neuron Development and Function

Modeling biological systems <i>in vitro</i> has contributed to clarification of complex mechanisms in simplified and controlled experimental conditions. Mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells can be successfully differentiated toward specific neuronal cell fates, thus representing an attractive tool to dissect, <i>in vitro</i>, mechanisms that underlie complex neuronal features. In this study, we generated and characterized a reporter mES cell line, called <i>Tph2</i>^<i>GFP</i>, in which the vital reporter GFP replaces the <i>tryptophan hydroxylase 2</i> (<i>Tph2</i>) gene. <i>Tph2</i>^<i>GFP</i> mES cells selectively express GFP upon <i>in vitro</i> differentiation toward the serotonergic fate, they synthesize serotonin, possess excitable membranes, and show the typical morphological, morphometrical, and molecular features of <i>in vivo</i> serotonergic neurons. Thanks to the vital reporter GFP, we highlighted by time-lapse video microscopy several dynamic processes such as cell migration and axonal outgrowth in living cultures. Finally, we demonstrated that predifferentiated <i>Tph2</i>^<i>GFP</i> cells are able to terminally differentiate, integrate, and innervate the host brain when grafted <i>in vivo</i>. On the whole, the present study introduces the <i>Tph2</i>^<i>GFP</i> mES cell line as a useful tool allowing accurate developmental and dynamic studies and representing a reliable platform for the study of serotonergic neurons in health and disease

Le grandi cerimonie nei media. Caratteri, riprese e messaggi di Expo 2015

Indagine sulla copertura mediale dell'Esposizione Universali di Milano 2015