Moving Multi-Channel Systems in a Finite Volume with Application to Proton-Proton Fusion

The spectrum of a system with multiple channels composed of two hadrons with nonzero total momentum is determined in a finite cubic volume with periodic boundary conditions using effective field theory methods. The results presented are accurate up to exponentially suppressed corrections in the volume due to the finite range of hadronic interactions. The formalism allows one to determine the phase shifts and mixing parameters of pipi-KK isosinglet coupled channels directly from Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics. We show that the extension to more than two channels is straightforward and present the result for three channels. From the energy quantization condition, the volume dependence of electroweak matrix elements of two-hadron processes is extracted. In the non-relativistic case, we pay close attention to processes that mix the 1S0-3S1 two-nucleon states, e.g. proton-proton fusion (pp -> d+ e^+ + nu_e), and show how to determine the transition amplitude of such processes directly from lattice QCD.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figure

Role of Boundary Conditions in Quantum Computations of Scattering Observables

Quantum computing may offer the opportunity to simulate strongly interacting field theories, such as quantum chromodynamics, with physical time evolution. This would give access to Minkowski-signature correlators, in contrast to the Euclidean calculations routinely performed at present. However, as with present-day calculations, quantum computation strategies still require the restriction to a finite system size, including a finite, usually periodic, spatial volume. In this work, we investigate the consequences of this in the extraction of hadronic and Compton-like scattering amplitudes. Using the framework presented in Briceno et al. [Phys. Rev. D 101, 014509 (2020)], we estimate the volume effects for various 1 + 1D Minkowski-signature quantities and show that these can be a significant source of systematic uncertainty, even for volumes that are very large by the standards of present-day Euclidean calculations. We then present an improvement strategy, based in the fact that the finite volume has a reduced symmetry. This implies that kinematic points, which yield the same Lorentz invariants, may still be physically distinct in the periodic system. As we demonstrate, both numerically and analytically, averaging over such sets can significantly suppress the unwanted volume distortions and improve the extraction of the physical scattering amplitudes. As the improvement strategy is based only in kinematics, it can be applied without detailed knowledge of the system

Accessing Scattering Amplitudes Using Quantum Computers

Future quantum computers may serve as a tool to access non-perturbative real-time correlation functions. In this talk, we discuss the prospects of using these to study Compton scattering for arbitrary kinematics. The restriction to a finite-volume spacetime, unavoidable in foreseeable quantum-computer simulations, must be taken into account in the formalism for extracting scattering observables. One approach is to work with a non-zero iϵ-prescription in the Fourier transform to definite momentum and then to estimate an ordered double limit, in which the spacetime volume is sent to infinity before ϵ is sent to 0. For the amplitudes and parameters considered here, we find that significant volume effects arise, making the required limit very challenging. We present a practical solution to this challenge that may allow for future determinations of deeply virtual Compton scattering amplitudes, as well as many other reactions that are presently outside the scope of standard lattice QCD calculations

Accessing Scattering Amplitudes Using Quantum Computers

Future quantum computers may serve as a tool to access non-perturbative real-time correlation functions. In this talk, we discuss the prospects of using these to study Compton scattering for arbitrary kinematics. The restriction to a finite-volume spacetime, unavoidable in foreseeable quantum-computer simulations, must be taken into account in the formalism for extracting scattering observables. One approach is to work with a non-zero iϵ-prescription in the Fourier transform to definite momentum and then to estimate an ordered double limit, in which the spacetime volume is sent to infinity before ϵ is sent to 0. For the amplitudes and parameters considered here, we find that significant volume effects arise, making the required limit very challenging. We present a practical solution to this challenge that may allow for future determinations of deeply virtual Compton scattering amplitudes, as well as many other reactions that are presently outside the scope of standard lattice QCD calculations

Charmed-Baryon Spectroscopy from Lattice QCD with N_f=2+1+1 Flavors

We present the results of a calculation of the positive-parity ground-state charmed-baryon spectrum using 2+1+1 flavors of dynamical quarks. The calculation uses a relativistic heavy-quark action for the valence charm quark, clover-Wilson fermions for the valence light and strange quarks, and HISQ sea quarks. The spectrum is calculated with a lightest pion mass around 220 MeV, and three lattice spacings (a \approx 0.12 fm, 0.09 fm, and 0.06 fm) are used to extrapolate to the continuum. The light-quark mass extrapolation is performed using heavy-hadron chiral perturbation theory up to O(m_pi^3) and at next-to-leading order in the heavy-quark mass. For the well-measured charmed baryons, our results show consistency with the experimental values. For the controversial J=1/2 Xi_{cc}, we obtain the isospin-averaged value M_{Xi_{cc}}=3595(39)(20)(6) MeV (the three uncertainties are statistics, fitting-window systematic, and systematics from other lattice artifacts, such as lattice scale setting and pion-mass determination), which shows a 1.7 sigma deviation from the experimental value. We predict the yet-to-be-discovered doubly and triply charmed baryons Xi_{cc}^*, Omega_{cc}, Omega_{cc}^* and Omega_{ccc} to have masses 3648(42)(18)(7) MeV, 3679(40)(17)(5) MeV, 3765(43)(17)(5) MeV and 4761(52)(21)(6) MeV, respectively.Comment: 23 pages, 14 figure

Mechanism of thermally activated c-axis dissipation in layered High-Tc_c superconductors at high fields

We propose a simple model which explains experimental behavior of $c$-axis resistivity in layered High-T$_c$ superconductors at high fields in a limited temperature range. It is generally accepted that the in-plane dissipation at low temperatures is caused by small concentration of mobile pancake vortices whose diffusive motion is thermally activated. We demonstrate that in such situation a finite conductivity appears also in $c$-direction due to the phase slips between the planes caused by the mobile pancakes. The model gives universal relation between the components of conductivity which is in good agreement with experimental data.Comment: RevTeX, 4 pages, 2 Postscript figure

YETI observations of the young transiting planet candidate CVSO 30 b

CVSO 30 is a unique young low-mass system, because, for the first time, a close-in transiting and a wide directly imaged planet candidates are found around a common host star. The inner companion, CVSO 30 b, is the first possible young transiting planet orbiting a previously known weak-lined T-Tauri star. With five telescopes of the 'Young Exoplanet Transit Initiative' (YETI) located in Asia, Europe and South America we monitored CVSO 30 over three years in a total of 144 nights and detected 33 fading events. In two more seasons we carried out follow-up observations with three telescopes. We can confirm that there is a change in the shape of the fading event between different observations and that the fading event even disappears and reappears. A total of 38 fading event light curves were simultaneously modelled. We derived the planetary, stellar, and geometrical properties of the system and found them slightly smaller but in agreement with the values from the discovery paper. The period of the fading event was found to be 1.36 s shorter and 100 times more precise than the previous published value. If CVSO 30 b would be a giant planet on a precessing orbit, which we cannot confirm, yet, the precession period may be shorter than previously thought. But if confirmed as a planet it would be the youngest transiting planet ever detected and will provide important constraints on planet formation and migration time-scales.Comment: 14 pages (20 with appendix), 7 figures (16 with appendix), 6 tables (7 with appendix

A Possible Detection of Occultation by a Proto-planetary Clump in GM Cephei

GM Cep in the young (~4 Myr) open cluster Trumpler 37 has been known to be an abrupt variable and to have a circumstellar disk with very active accretion. Our monitoring observations in 2009-2011 revealed the star to show sporadic flare events, each with brightening of < 0.5 mag lasting for days. These brightening events, associated with a color change toward the blue, should originate from an increased accretion activity. Moreover, the star also underwent a brightness drop of ~1 mag lasting for about a month, during which the star became bluer when fainter. Such brightness drops seem to have a recurrence time scale of a year, as evidenced in our data and the photometric behavior of GM Cep over a century. Between consecutive drops, the star brightened gradually by about 1 mag and became blue at peak luminosity. We propose that the drop is caused by obscuration of the central star by an orbiting dust concentration. The UX Orionis type of activity in GM Cep therefore exemplifies the disk inhomogeneity process in transition between grain coagulation and planetesimal formation in a young circumstellar disk.Comment: In submission to the Astrophysical Journal, 4 figure

Análise do desempenho de genótipos de coqueiro por meio de caracteres vegetativos.

Publicado também: FRAZÃO, D. A. C.; HOMMA, A. K. O; VIÉGAS, I. de J. M. (Ed.). Contribuição ao desenvolvimento da fruticultura na Amazônia. Belém, PA: Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, 2006. p. 331-335