Factors associated with unintended pregnancy in Brazil: cross-sectional results from the Birth in Brazil National Survey, 2011/2012

Background Unintended pregnancy, a pregnancy that have been either unwanted or mistimed, is a serious public health issue in Brazil. It is reported for more than half of women who gave birth in the country, but the characteristics of women who conceive unintentionally are rarely documented. The aim of this study is to analyse the prevalence and the association between unintended pregnancy and a set of sociodemographic characteristics, individual-level variables and history of obstetric outcomes. Methods Birth in Brazil is a cross-sectional study with countrywide representation that interviewed 23,894 women after birth. The information about intendedness of pregnancy was obtained after birth at the hospital and classified into three categories: intended, mistimed or unwanted. Multinomial regression analysis was used to estimate the associations between intendedness of a pregnancy, and sociodemographic and obstetric variables, calculating odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals. All significant variables in the bivariate analysis were included in the multinomial multivariate model and the final model retaining variables that remained significant at the 5 % level. Results Unintended pregnancy was reported by 55.4 % of postpartum women. The following variables maintained positive and significant statistical associations with mistimed pregnancy: maternal age < 20 years (OR = 1.89, 95 % CI: 1.68–2.14); brown (OR = 1.15, 95 % CI: 1.04–1.27) or yellow skin color (OR = 1.56, 95 % CI: 1.05–2.32); having no partner (OR = 2.32, 95 % CI: 1.99–2.71); having no paid job (OR = 1.15, 95 % CI: 1.04–1.27); alcohol abuse with risk of alcoholism (OR = 1.25, 95 % CI: 1.04–1.50) and having had three or more births (OR = 2.01, 95 % CI: 1.63–2.47). The same factors were associated with unwanted pregnancy, though the strength of the associations was generally stronger. Women with three or more births were 14 times more likely to have an unwanted pregnancy, and complication in the previous pregnancies and preterm birth were 40 % and 19 % higher, respectively. Previous neonatal death was a protective factor for both mistimed (OR = 0.61, 95 % CI: 0.44–0.85) and unwanted pregnancy (OR = 0.44, 95 % CI: 0.34–0.57). Conclusions This study confirms findings from previous research about the influence of socioeconomic and individual risk factors on unintended pregnancy. It takes a new approach to the problem by showing the importance of previous neonatal death, preterm birth and complication during pregnancy as risk factors for unintended pregnancy

Aplicação do processo de relação interpessoal de Travelbee com mãe de recém-nascido internado em uma unidade neonatal Aplicación del proceso de relación interpersonal de Travelbee con madre de recién nacido internado en una unidad neonatal Use of Travelbee's interpersonal relation process with mothers of newborns in a neonatal unit

Objetivou-se aplicar o processo de relação interpessoal com mãe a de um recém-nascido que se encontrava internado em unidade neonatal, utilizando a Teoria da Relação Interpessoal de Joyce Travelbee. Estudo de caso, de natureza descritiva, desenvolvido em unidade de internação neonatal, em dezembro e janeiro de 2004. A Coleta de dados realizou-se mediante entrevista semi-estruturada, com interação pessoa-pessoa. Aplicou-se um instrumento contendo seis perguntas que revelaram possibilidades de ajuda mútua ante os problemas de saúde do filho. Buscou-se amenizar as angústias, dúvidas e medos, por meio da interação com a mãe. Constatou-se que a abordagem teórica foi relevante e serviu como guia para a enfermeira aplicar um cuidar mais ético e humano.<br>En este estudio el objetivo fue aplicar el proceso de relación interpersonal con la madre de un recién nacido que se encontraba internado en una unidad neonatal, utilizando la Teoría de Relación Interpersonal de Joyce Travelbee. Estudio de caso, de naturaleza descriptiva, desarrollado en una unidad de internamiento neonatal, en diciembre y enero de 2004. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante entrevista semi-estructurada, con interacción persona a persona. Se aplicó un instrumento que contenía seis preguntas que revelaron posibilidades de ayuda mutua ante los problemas de salud del hijo. Se buscó amenizar las angustias, dudas y miedos, por medio de la interacción con la madre. Se constató que el abordaje teórico fue relevante y sirvió como guía para que la enfermera aplique un cuidar más ético y humano.<br>The objective of this study is to evaluate the interpersonal relation process with mothers of new-borns in a neonatal unit using Joyce Travelbee's Interpersonal Relation Theory. It is a des-criptive case study carried out in a neonatal internal unit in December of 2003 and January of 2004. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with person-to-person interaction. A questionnaire with six questions that showed the possibilities of reciprocal help in the face of the child's health problems was used. We also tried to soften the anguishes, doubts and fears through interaction with the mother. We verified that the use of the theory was relevant and served as a guide to help nurses perform a more ethical and human kind of care

Collection and morphological characterization of sweet potato landraces in north of Rio de Janeiro state Coleta e caracterização morfológica de variedades locais de batata-doce no norte do Rio de Janeiro

The traditional farmers play an important role in plant genetic resources conservation. Collecting the germplasm maintained by these farmers is a very important action to avoid genetic variability losses. The goals of this work were to collect sweet potato from farms in the north of Rio de Janeiro state; to gather information regarding to the farmers profile, and to characterize the sweet potato landraces collected using morphological descriptors. Fifty three farms were visited in six collection expedition and 46 accessions were collected. During the visits the farmers were interviewed using a query with ten items. Six root traits and eight descriptors for vegetative parts were used for morphological characterization. The data were analyzed based on Cole-Rodgers distance and clustering was done with UPGMA method. Familiar agriculture with subsistence objective was observed and sweet potato was cultivated by 72% of the farmers at least for more than a decade, supporting the observation that this vegetable is traditionally cultivated in small areas in the specific region. The morphological characterization was efficient to detect genetic variability among accessions, revealing that traditional farmers from Campos dos Goytacazes and São João da Barra are responsible for sweet potato genotypes conservation with expressive genetic diversity in their properties. There was no relationship between genetic distance and collecting areas.<br>Os agricultores tradicionais têm um papel fundamental na conservação dos recursos genéticos vegetais e a coleta de germoplasma mantido por esses produtores é muito importante para evitar a perda da variabilidade genética. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram coletar germoplasma de batata-doce em propriedades rurais situadas no norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro; levantar informações quanto ao perfil dos produtores rurais visitados durante as coletas, e caracterizar morfologicamente as variedades locais de batata-doce coletadas. Em seis viagens de coleta foram visitadas 53 propriedades rurais, e coletados 46 acessos. Em todas as visitas foi possível entrevistar o produtor por meio de questionário contendo dez itens. Para a caracterização, foram usados seis caracteres de raiz e oito da parte aérea. A análise dos dados foi efetuada com o uso da distância de Cole-Rodgers e o agrupamento foi gerado com o método UPGMA. Foi constatado predomínio da agricultura familiar, voltada para subsistência, sendo que 72% dos agricultores cultivavam a batata-doce há mais de uma década, o que evidencia a tradição de cultivo desta hortaliça em pequenas áreas na região. A caracterização morfológica foi eficiente para detectar a variabilidade genética entre os acessos, demonstrando que os agricultores tradicionais dos municípios de Campos dos Goytacazes e São João da Barra detêm genótipos de batata-doce com expressiva diversidade genética em suas propriedades. Não foi detectada correlação entre a distância genética e os locais de coleta