841 research outputs found
Moralization and the 2012 U.S. presidential election campaign
People vary in the extent to which they imbue an attitude with moral conviction; however, little is known about what makes an issue transform from a relatively non-moral preference to a moral conviction. In the context of the 2012 U.S. presidential election, we test if affect and beliefs (thoughts about harms and benefits) are antecedents or consequences of participants’ moral conviction about their candidate preferences, or are some combination of both. Using a longitudinal design in the run-up to the election, we find that, overall, affect is both an antecedent and consequence, and beliefs about harms and benefits are only consequences, of changes in moral conviction related to candidate preferences. The affect results were consistent across liberals, conservatives, and moderates; however, the role of beliefs showed some differences between ideologues (liberals and conservatives) and moderates. Keywords: moral conviction; affect; hostility; enthusiasm; political psycholog
Ambivalence of the anisotropy of the vortex lattice in an anisotropic type-II superconductor
We present a geometry-based discussion of possible vortex configurations in
the mixed state of anisotropic type-II superconductors. It is shown that, if
energy considerations assign six nearest neighbors to each vortex, two distinct
modifications of the vortex lattice are possible. It is expected that certain
conditions lead to a first order phase transition from one modification of the
vortex lattice to the other upon varying the external magnetic field.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figure
Moral punishment in everyday life
The present research investigated event-related, contextual, demographic, and dispositional predictors of the desire to punish perpetrators of immoral deeds in daily life, as well as connections among the desire to punish, moral emotions, and momentary well-being. The desire to punish was reliably predicted by linear gradients of social closeness to both the perpetrator (negative relationship) and the victim (positive relationship). Older rather than younger adults, conservatives rather than people with other political orientations, and individuals high rather than low in moral identity desired to punish perpetrators more harshly. The desire to punish was related to state anger, disgust, and embarrassment, and these were linked to lower momentary well-being. However, the negative effect of these emotions on well-being was partially compensated by a positive indirect pathway via heightened feelings of moral self-worth. Implications of the present field data for moral punishment research and the connection between morality and well-being are discussed. Keywords: Morality, Moral Punishment, Experience Sampling, Social Closenes
Instabilities in the Flux Line Lattice of Anisotropic Superconductors
The stability of the flux line lattice has been investigated within
anisotropic London theory. This is the first full-scale investigation of
instabilities in the `chain' state. It has been found that the lattice is
stable at large fields, but that instabilities occur as the field is reduced.
The field at which these instabilities first arise, ,
depends on the anisotropy and the angle at which the
lattice is tilted away from the -axis. These instabilities initially occur
at wavevector , and the component of along the
average direction of the flux lines, , is always finite. As the
instability occurs at finite the dependence of the cutoff on is
important, and we have used a cutoff suggested by Sudb\ospace and Brandt. The
instabilities only occur for values of the anisotropy appropriate to
a material like BSCCO, and not for anisotropies more appropriate to YBCO. The
lower critical field is calculated as a function of the angle
at which the applied field is tilted away from the crystal axis. The
presence of kinks in is seen to be related to instabilities in
the equilibrium flux line structure.Comment: Extensively revised paper, with modified analysis of elastic
instabilities. Calculation of the lower critical field is included, and the
presence of kinks in is seen to be related to the elastic
instabilities. 29 pages including 16 figures, LaTeX with epsf styl
Regularisation, the BV method, and the antibracket cohomology
We review the Lagrangian Batalin--Vilkovisky method for gauge theories. This
includes gauge fixing, quantisation and regularisation. We emphasize the role
of cohomology of the antibracket operation. Our main example is gravity,
for which we also discuss the solutions for the cohomology in the space of
local integrals. This leads to the most general form for the action, for
anomalies and for background charges.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX, Preprint-KUL-TF-94/2
Формирование супружеской дезадаптации при сексуальном фобическом неврозе у мужа
Освещены причины, условия формирования и клинические проявления вторичной супружеской дезадаптации при сексуальном фобическом неврозе у мужа. Показана роль биогенных, социогенных и негативных психологических факторов в генезе связанной с рассмотренной формой сексуального расстройства супружеской дезадаптации.The causes, conditions of forming and clinical manifestations of secondary spouse deadaptation in sexual phobic neurosis in the husband are described. The role of biogenic, sociogenic and negative mental factors in the development of spouse deadaptation associated with this form of a sexual disorder is shown
Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and endometrial cancer risk: results from the Netherlands Cohort Study
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and endometrial cancer. METHODS: In 1986, the Netherlands Cohort Study was initiated. A self-administered questionnaire on dietary habits and other cancer risk factors was completed by 62,573 women. Follow-up for cancer was established by record linkage to the Netherlands Cancer Registry. RESULTS: After 11.3-years of follow-up, 280 incident endometrial cancer cases were available for analyses. In multivariate analysis, the rate ratio (RR) for alcohol users versus non-users was 1.06 (95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) = 0.78–1.43). There were neither dose-dependent trends nor associations with different types of beverages. The RR for former and current smokers versus never-smokers was 0.83 (95% CI = 0.58–1.20) and 0.59 (95% CI = 0.40–0.88), respectively. These estimates did not change significantly when body mass index (BMI) and age at menopause were added to the models. CONCLUSIONS: There is no association between alcohol consumption and endometrial cancer. Current smoking is associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer. This association is neither mediated by BMI nor by age at menopause
Anthropometry and Pancreatic Cancer Risk: An Illustration of the Importance of Microscopic Verification
Using data collected of a large population-based cohort study, we studied the association between anthropometric factors and the risk of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, we investigated whether these associations differ among microscopically confirmed pancreatic cancer (MCPC) cases and non-MCPC (NMCPC) cases. The Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer started in 1986 (120,852 men and women) and uses the case-cohort methodology. After 13.3 years of follow-up, 446 pancreatic cancer cases (of which 65% was microscopically confirmed) and 4,774 subcohort members were available for analysis. The multivariable incidence rate ratio of MCPC of men was 1.10 per increment of 1 kg·m-2 (95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.18). Women had a rate ratio of MCPC of 1.08 (95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.13). Obese men [body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg·m-2] had a 2.6-fold increased risk of MCPC compared with men with BMI 23 to 25 kg·m-2. For women, this increase in risk was 1.7-fold. Change in BMI between age 20 years and baseline was also associated with MCPC in both men and women. In men and women, none of these associations were observed for NMCPC, with the exception of the increased risk for pancreatic cancer in obese men. We observed statistically significant associations between both BMI, gain in BMI, and pancreatic cancer risk. These associations are observed only in MCPC and not in NMCPC. If MCPC and NMCPC had been considered as one group, the reported associations would not have been detected. These findings stress the need to evaluate heterogeneity among pancreatic cancer cases in etiologic studies. Copyright © 2007 American Association for Cancer Research
A prospective study of dietary acrylamide intake and the risk of endometrial, ovarian, and breast cancer
BACKGROUND: Acrylamide, a probable human carcinogen, was detected in various heat-treated carbohydrate-rich foods in 2002. The few epidemiologic studies done thus far have not shown a relationship with cancer. Our aim was to investigate the association between acrylamide intake and endometrial, ovarian, and breast cancer risk. METHODS: The Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer includes 62,573 women, aged 55-69 years. At baseline (1986), a random subcohort of 2,589 women was selected using a case cohort analysis approach for analysis. The acrylamide intake of subcohort members and cases was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire and was based on chemical analysis of all relevant Dutch foods. Subgroup analyses were done for never-smokers to eliminate the influence of smoking; an important source of acrylamide. RESULTS: After 11.3 years of follow-up, 327, 300, and 1,835 cases of endometrial, ovarian, and breast cancer, respectively, were documented. Compared with the lowest quintile of acrylamide intake (mean intake, 8.9 mug/day), multivariable-adjusted hazard rate ratios (HR) for endometrial, ovarian, and breast cancer in the highest quintile (mean intake, 40.2 mug/day) were 1.29 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.81-2.07; P(trend) = 0.18], 1.78 (95% CI, 1.10-2.88; P(trend) = 0.02), and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.73-1.19; P(trend) = 0.79), respectively. For never-smokers, the corresponding HRs were 1.99 (95% CI, 1.12-3.52; P(trend) = 0.03), 2.22 (95% CI, 1.20-4.08; P(trend) = 0.01), and 1.10 (95% CI, 0.80-1.52; P(trend) = 0.55). CONCLUSIONS: We observed increased risks of postmenopausal endometrial and ovarian cancer with increasing dietary acrylamide intake, particularly among never-smokers. Risk of breast cancer was not associated with acrylamide intake. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(11):2304-13). AD - Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands. [email protected]. FAU - Hogervorst, Janneke G AU - Hogervorst JG FAU - Schouten, Leo J AU - Schouten LJ FAU - Konings, Erik J AU - Konings EJ FAU - Goldbohm, R Alexandra AU - Goldbohm RA FAU - van den Brandt, Piet A AU - van den Brandt PA LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev JT - Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncolog
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