Flux Balance Analysis Based Model for the Identification of Potent Drug Target: A Novel Strategy

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Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality: methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

BACKGROUND: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. METHODS: In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. RESULTS: GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future

High Strain Rate Behavior of GTM-900 Titanium Alloy

GTM-900 is an α + β alloy of titanium used in low-pressure (LP) compressor blades of gas turbine (GT) engines. The maximum allowable operating temperature of this alloy is 500°C. Silicon is added to enhance the creep resistance at elevated temperatures. The aim of this work is to establish the microstructural stability of this alloy and determine the high strain rate Johnson-Cook (J-C) material parameters such as A, B, and n. The material parameters are subsequently used by designers to simulate the “blade-off” and “casing containment” capability of the LP compressor blade. Split Hopkinson tensile bar was used to conduct high strain rate tests at about 2,000 s−1, and at three different temperatures, viz., 25°C, 300°C, and 500°C, to simulate critical conditions. Data obtained from these testing were used to construct a J-C model. Flow stress increased with an increase in strain rate and decreased with an increase in temperature because of thermal softening. Characterization, using optical and electron microscopes, indicated that the microstructure was stable even after the deformation at 500°C. The presence of needle-like silicide phase was observed under transmission electron microscopy and the composition was verified with X-ray diffraction results. A high strain hardening rate was observed even at elevated temperatures in this alloy (n ≈ 0.54 at 2,000 s−1 and 500°C) compared to Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy (n ≈ 0.28). Considering good strength and microstructural stability up to 500°C, the present material offers to be an attractive alternate to other contemporary titanium alloys currently used in GT engine applications

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Not AvailableBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a condition of severe pneumonia caused due to environmental stress followed by a multiple viral and bacterial pathogens.The present study aimed to detect the BRD agents such as Mannhaeimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida and Histophilus somni and IBR in yaks suffering from respiratory infections. For the study, 157 deep nasal and blood samples were collected from yak of Arunachal Pradesh and processed for isolation and PCR detection of respiratory bacterial pathogens such as M. haemolytica, P. multocida and H. somni and seroscreening of IBR. From 157 samples, one M. haemolytica and two H. somni isolates were recovered. This is the first report of H. somni and M. haemolytica isolation from yak nasal samples from India. In mPCR, 23 yak nasal samples (14.6%) amplified for M. haemolytica, two (1.2%) for P. multocida and six samples for H. somni (4.6%) by simplex PCR. Concurrence of H. somni and M. haemolytica in three samples, and M. haemolytica and P. multocida type B in two samples was also observed.Very high seroprevalence for IBR (37%) by Indirect ABELISA was recorded.The study concluded that highest number of samples were positive for M. haemolytica (14.6%) and emphasizes its role in respiratory infections along with high seroprevalence of IBR. It also reflected the diagnostic importance of mPCR/PCR in regions inaccessible for fresh sample collection and transportation as an alternate to isolation procedures.Not Availabl

Gene structures of Trocarin D and coagulation factor X, two functionally diverse prothrombin activators from Australian rough scaled snake

10.1159/000092425Pathophysiology of Haemostasis and Thrombosis344-5205-208PHTA