Resposta da cana-de-açúcar à aplicação da escória de siderurgia como corretivo de acidez do solo

High acidity predominates in southeastern and midwestern Brazilian soils, where the largest area of sugar cane plantations is concentrated. Large amounts of slag, a steel-industry residue containing nutrients such as calcium and magnesium and acting as acidity corrective agents, are also present in the region. This study aimed to evaluate different base saturation levels using slag as a soil corrective agent. This material was compared to calcitic limestone to analyze acidity neutralization and certain chemical soil properties, as well as sugarcane response during the first two cuts. Thus, an experiment was carried out using sugarcane variety SP 80-1842 during 1998/1999 and 1999/2000. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, with four replications, consisting of two sources of corrective agents-calcitic limestone and slag - and four correction levels, estimated by the base saturation method (V%): control without correction and V% correction of 50,75 and 100. It was concluded that the limestone and slag application had a similar effect on the correction of the soil acidity as well as on the increase of calcium and magnesium concentrations of the soil and base saturation. Limestone and slag applications had a quadratic and linear effect, respectively, on culm production and number of millable stalk.A acidez elevada dos solos da região sudeste e centro-oeste do Brasil predomina onde se concentra a maior área cultivada com cana-de-açúcar. Grandes depósitos de escória de siderurgia, que contêm nutrientes como cálcio e magnésio e apresentam ação corretiva de acidez, localizam-se também naquelas regiões. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar diferentes níveis de saturação por bases, utilizando como corretivo do solo a escória de siderurgia, comparando-a com calcário calcítico, nas alterações de alguns atributos químicos do solo, bem como na resposta da cana-de-açúcar, durante os dois primeiros cortes. Para isto, foi realizado um experimento com a cana-de-açúcar, variedade SP 80-1842, nos anos agrícolas 98/99 e 99/00. Os tratamentos, dispostos em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial com quatro repetições, constaram de duas fontes de corretivos, calcário calcítico e escória de siderurgia, e quatro níveis de correção, estimados pelo método da saturação por bases (V%): testemunha sem correção e correção para V% de 50, 75 e 100. Concluiu-se que os efeitos da aplicação do calcário e da escória de siderurgia foram semelhantes na correção da acidez do solo, na elevação da concentração de cálcio e magnésio do solo e na saturação por bases. As doses de calcário proporcionaram efeito quadrático sobre a produtividade e perfilhamento da cana-de-açúcar, enquanto as de escória resultaram em resposta linear.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade do Estado de São Paulo - UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Solos e AdubosUNESP Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira Departamento de Ciência do Solo e Engenharia RuralUniversidade do Estado de São Paulo - UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Solos e AdubosUNESP Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira Departamento de Ciência do Solo e Engenharia Rura

Nitrate role in basic cation leaching under no-till

Especially under no-tillage, subsuface soil acidity has been a problem, because it depends on base leaching, which has been associated with the presence of low molecular weigth organic acids and companion anions. The objective of this study was to evaluate exchangeable base cation leaching as affected by surface liming along with annual urea side-dressing of maize and upland rice. Treatments consisted of four lime rates (0, 1500, 3000, and 6000 kg ha-1) combined with four nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1) applied to maize (Zea mays) and upland rice (Oryza sativa), in two consecutive years. Maize was planted in December, three months after liming. In September of the following year, pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) was planted without fertilization and desiccated 86 days after plant emergence. Afterwards, upland rice was grown. Immediately after upland rice harvest, 18 months after surface liming, pH and N-NO3-, N-NH4+, K, Ca, and Mg levels were evaluated in soil samples taken from the layers 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm. Higher maize yields were obtained at higher N rates and 3000 kg ha-1 lime. Better results for upland rice and pearl millet yields were also obtained with this lime rate, irrespective of N levels. The vertical mobility of K, Ca and Mg was higher in the soil profiles with N fertilization. Surface liming increased pH in the upper soil layers causing intense nitrate production, which was leached along with the base cations