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Author Bio

PENGARUH PIJAT ABDOMEN TERHADAP KONSTIPASI PADA LANSIA PENGHUNI PANTI JOMPO

Constipation is a symptom of difficulty defecating which is characterized by hard stool consistency, large size, and decreased frequency of defecation which is common in the elderly. Abdominal massage is an intervention that increases intra-abdominal pressure, which can stimulate defecation in the rectum. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of abdominal massage therapy as a solution to treat constipation in the elderly. Thirty elderly people with constipation and constipation problems were recruited using purposive sampling to undergo abdominal massage. pre-experiment one group pre-post test design was used to measure the level of constipation. The Wilcoxon Test results prove (Wcount = 40.05), meaning that abdominal massage can reduce constipation in the elderlyKeywords: Constipation, Abdominal Massage Therapy, Elderl

Triangulating molecular evidence to prioritize candidate causal genes at established atopic dermatitis loci

Genome-wide association studies for atopic dermatitis (AD) have identified 25 reproducible loci. We attempt to prioritize candidate causal genes at these loci using extensive molecular resources compiled into a bioinformatics pipeline. We identified a list of 103 molecular resources for AD aetiology, including expression, protein and DNA methylation QTL datasets in skin or immune-relevant tissues which were tested for overlap with GWAS signals. This was combined with functional annotation using regulatory variant prediction, and features such as promoter-enhancer interactions, expression studies and variant fine-mapping. For each gene at each locus, we condensed the evidence into a prioritization score. Across the investigated loci, we detected significant enrichment of genes with adaptive immune regulatory function and epidermal barrier formation among the top prioritized genes. At 8 loci, we were able to prioritize a single candidate gene (IL6R, ADO, PRR5L, IL7R, ETS1, INPP5D, MDM1, TRAF3). In addition, at 6 of the 25 loci, our analysis prioritizes less familiar candidates (SLC22A5, IL2RA, MDM1, DEXI, ADO, STMN3). Our analysis provides support for previously implicated genes at several AD GWAS loci, as well as evidence for plausible additional candidates at others, which may represent potential targets for drug discovery

PROTECTING BIOS IN THE NEXT MILLENNIUM: WHAT DOES IT MEAN?

The new millennium will begin in less than 2,000 days. The period of the post-industrial society in the Euro-American region will soon be over and a new era, perhaps that of the ethics of bios will start. With the beginning of the next millennium, a whole list of questions emerge, related to the future and the further existence of bios on this planet. Marx once said that, "Philosophers have only explained the world until now, but now it is necessary to change it." Our world has changed significantly in the last hundred and fifty years. Philosophers should now think more about the problem of how not to go on changing the world, but rather how to maintain bios and the environment in optimal condition, within the limits of sustainable existence and, in line with, the principles of intrinsic ethical values and the essence of life. Since the present existence of bios is based on specific philosophies and styles of thinking, it is philosophers who are responsible for the triumphs and pitfalls of our society. A New Order of Bios How do we answer the question in this the title? To think seriously about the question of protecting bios in the next millennium, from the point of view of philosophy, is to come up with the very provocative answer that, it makes no sense to answer it at all. If the catastrophic scenarios are fulfilled, it would no longer be within human capabilities to protect bios. These scenarios, for the development of the world and the existence of bios, were reached not only by fundamentalists, ecological organisations and movements, but also by groups of scientists from different fields, including ecologists. Ecology also, paradoxically, agrees with this provocative answer to the given question but, it is necessary to bear in mind that both ecology and philosophy have different reasons and different points of view, which can lead to the same answer. F. Fukuyama (1992) published a very interesting study, The End of History and the Last Man. This book summarises current opinions on the sense and aims of the history of human beings. As the title already suggests, the author comes to the conclusion that the culminating phase of fulfilment, according to teleology, has already started and that the next millennium will complete it definitively. This example can be used to show that, from this point of view, further discussion on the protection of bios in the next millennium has lost any meaning. In terms of both ecology and history, the same problem has to be solved, a problem that can be understood from different professional points of view. The existence of bios and its surrounding environment in the next millennium is not predictable on the basis of the latest developments of knowledge in ecology. This brings us back to teleology: for the first time the final aim is understood as the goal of the history of mankind, for the second time, as the final stage of the development of bio-systems. The answer, according to philosophy, is known in the first case, and all the symptoms document the final goal, but in the second case, the real forms of bios and environmental development, according to ecology, cannot be predicted for the future and the answer is unknown. From the strictly logical point of view of the concept of the goal, the answers are given a priori to the unprecedented eco-biological questions. This paper presents the stage when, while looking for the answer to the question of the protection of bios in the future, the merely traditional concept of the problem -reality and the objective truth equal objectivity -is no longer sufficient. In our opinion the problem of the protection of bios in the future, from the point of view of ecology, is a trans-disciplinary problem. This means transferring from a formulation in one field of discipline to a formulation in another. The concept of trans-disciplinarity does not end solely with scientific disciplines but continues, by the formulating of bios protection in symbols, i.e. as language, institutions, or cultural and social milieu. This concept of trans-disciplinarity differs from interdisciplinarity in that the problem to be solved is not understood as a focus of various scientific disciplines, as a limited area between different scientific subjects but, as an idea which penetrates these subjects in the form of a certain basis of ideas, which helps to formulate these subjects. The difference between a similar concept of a paradigm and the transdisciplinary approach is based on the hypothesis that this formulated basis of ideas is not the result of scientific knowledge but only an idea, more or less, anticipated and expressed by the majority of the population. A trans-disciplinary approach to the solving of the problem of protecting bios is not created automatically, only on the basis of empirical facts, and it is not possible to reveal it with the help of classical rational scientific methods. The solution to this problem is not given subjectively, on the basis of the endeavour and the wish to solve it. A reasonable solution lies in the contact of two approaches, two worlds, the sensuous and the rational. In this connection, Patocka's phenomenology leads to a similar model of the natural world (Patocka, 1992). There are three possible basic steps for a trans-disciplinar

Epigenome-wide meta-analysis of DNA methylation and childhood asthma

Background: Epigenetic mechanisms, including methylation, can contribute to childhood asthma. Identifying DNA methylation profiles in asthmatic patients can inform disease pathogenesis. Objective: We sought to identify differential DNA methylation in newborns and children related to childhood asthma. Methods: Within the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics consortium, we performed epigenome-wide meta-analyses of school-age asthma in relation to CpG methylation (Illumina450K) in blood measured either in newborns, in prospective analyses, or cross-sectionally in school-aged children. We also identified differentially methylated regions. Results: In newborns (8 cohorts, 668 cases), 9 CpGs (and 35 regions) were differentially methylated (epigenome-wide significance, false discovery rate <0.05) in relation to asthma development. In a cross-sectional meta-analysis of asthma and methylation in children (9 cohorts, 631 cases), we identified 179 CpGs (false discovery rate <0.05) and 36 differentially methylated regions. In replication studies of methylation in other tissues, most of the 179 CpGs discovered in blood replicated, despite smaller sample sizes, in studies of nasal respiratory epithelium or eosinophils. Pathway analyses highlighted enrichment for asthma-relevant immune processes and overlap in pathways enriched both in newborns and children. Gene expression correlated with methylation at most loci. Functional annotation supports a regulatory effect on gene expression at many asthma-associated CpGs. Several implicated genes are targets for approved or experimental drugs, including IL5RA and KCNH2. Conclusion: Novel loci differentially methylated in newborns represent potential biomarkers of risk of asthma by school age. Cross-sectional associations in children can reflect both risk for and effects of disease. Asthma-related differential methylation in blood in children was substantially replicated in eosinophils and respiratory epithelium.Peer reviewe

Genomic and phenotypic insights from an atlas of genetic effects on DNA methylation

DNA methylation quantitative trait locus (mQTL) analyses on 32,851 participants identify genetic variants associated with DNA methylation at 420,509 sites in blood, resulting in a database of >270,000 independent mQTLs. Characterizing genetic influences on DNA methylation (DNAm) provides an opportunity to understand mechanisms underpinning gene regulation and disease. In the present study, we describe results of DNAm quantitative trait locus (mQTL) analyses on 32,851 participants, identifying genetic variants associated with DNAm at 420,509 DNAm sites in blood. We present a database of >270,000 independent mQTLs, of which 8.5% comprise long-range (trans) associations. Identified mQTL associations explain 15-17% of the additive genetic variance of DNAm. We show that the genetic architecture of DNAm levels is highly polygenic. Using shared genetic control between distal DNAm sites, we constructed networks, identifying 405 discrete genomic communities enriched for genomic annotations and complex traits. Shared genetic variants are associated with both DNAm levels and complex diseases, but only in a minority of cases do these associations reflect causal relationships from DNAm to trait or vice versa, indicating a more complex genotype-phenotype map than previously anticipated.Peer reviewe