El Conocimiento Didáctico del Contenido en ciencias: estado de la cuestión

This paper gives a descriptive overview of the literature related to Pedagogical Content Knowledge - PCK - in the sciences. It is expected that this review can contribute to a better understanding of PCK, pointing out what has been investigated about this concept. Specifically, we analyze: a) how PCK is defined, what are its main features and how it has been appropriated by teachers; b) the relationship between PCK, knowledge of the contents to be taught and students learning; c) how PCK was actually used in teachers' training and teachers' evaluation; and, d) the scientific areas in which PCK has been studied. It concludes that PCK is an essential tool for improving the quality of teacher training

A New Metric for Statistical Analysis of Rigid Transformations: Application to the Rib Cage

International Workshop on Graphs in Biomedical Image AnalysisInternational Workshop on Imaging GeneticsInternational Workshop on Mathematical Foundations of Computational AnatomyInternational audienceStatistical analysis of an anatomical structure composed of multiple objects is useful for many computational anatomy tasks as registration or classification. As rigid transformations do not belong to an Euclidean space, conventional mean and covariance formulas could not be applied to study the movement of each object with respect to the others. Some tools from Riemannian geometry are used instead, requiring the definition of a metric. We show that common metrics are not intuitive in the case of an object with an elongated shape and we propose a new one based on displacements of all the points of the structure. We describe the method to study the pose variability of a multi-object structure with this new metric. It is then applied to the statistical analysis of the rib cage which is composed of 24 elongated bones

Elevated preoptic brain activity in zebrafish glial glycine transporter mutants is linked to lethargy-like behaviors and delayed emergence from anesthesia

Abstract Delayed emergence from anesthesia was previously reported in a case study of a child with Glycine Encephalopathy. To investigate the neural basis of this delayed emergence, we developed a zebrafish glial glycine transporter (glyt1 − / −) mutant model. We compared locomotor behaviors; dose–response curves for tricaine, ketamine, and 2,6-diisopropylphenol (propofol); time to emergence from these anesthetics; and time to emergence from propofol after craniotomy in glyt1−/− mutants and their siblings. To identify differentially active brain regions in glyt1−/− mutants, we used pERK immunohistochemistry as a proxy for brain-wide neuronal activity. We show that glyt1−/− mutants initiated normal bouts of movement less frequently indicating lethargy-like behaviors. Despite similar anesthesia dose–response curves, glyt1−/− mutants took over twice as long as their siblings to emerge from ketamine or propofol, mimicking findings from the human case study. Reducing glycine levels rescued timely emergence in glyt1−/− mutants, pointing to a causal role for elevated glycine. Brain-wide pERK staining showed elevated activity in hypnotic brain regions in glyt1−/− mutants under baseline conditions and a delay in sensorimotor integration during emergence from anesthesia. Our study links elevated activity in preoptic brain regions and reduced sensorimotor integration to lethargy-like behaviors and delayed emergence from propofol in glyt1−/− mutants