Ceramic wastes usage as alternative aggregate in mortar and concrete

In the ceramic industry, huge amounts of wastes are generated during manufacturing and transportation processes. In order to decrease the need for landfill areas and increase environmentally harmful effects of such wastes, this industry is under pressure to finding effective ways for recycling its wastes and by-products. In addition, the construction industry requires new sources of aggregates due to running out of conventional virgin aggregates, saving energy, and protecting the environment. Therefore, recently, ceramic wastes are often used as coarse and/or fine aggregate both in mortar and concrete. In the present study, effects of using ceramic wastes as coarse and/or fine aggregate on the engineering properties of mortar and concrete are evaluated. These engineering properties are listed and compared according to their mechanical and durability properties. Reviewing of previous studies related with this subject in literature and discussion all results of the studies are conducted as the methodology of this study. Consequently, it was found out that the use of waste ceramic in the conventional concrete or mortar mix as fine/coarse aggregate is suitable as it can improve mechanical and durability properties of the concrete/mortar

Effects of non-ground slag and bottom ash as fine aggregate on concrete permeability properties

WOS: 000295754200086In this study, the effect of non-ground coal bottom ash (NGCBA) and non-ground granulated blast furnace slag (NGGBFS) on permeability properties regarding durability of concrete is investigated. The mentioned by-products have been used as fine aggregate substitute in the production of concrete. Some permeability-durability tests have been conducted on the specimens produced using these by-product fine aggregates. Tests to be done were chosen as rapid chloride permeability, freezing-thawing and drying-wetting tests. Furthermore, microstructures of these concrete types have been observed. Thus, the effects of chemical, physical and mechanical properties of NGGBFS and NGCBA fine aggregates on the permeability of concrete can be obtained in a much better perspective and discussed easily. The optimum replacement ratio of these by-products as fine aggregate is also attempted to be determined for producing low permeable concrete. Consequently. NGBFS and NGCBA generally increase permeability by increasing porosity due to their physical properties but it can be said that these by-products as fine aggregate can also reduce permeability of concrete due to their chemical and mechanical properties in terms of permeability-durability tests. Therefore, usage of these by product types improves durability properties related to the permeability of concrete. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Investigation of performances of some empirical and composite models for predicting the modulus of elasticity of high strength concretes incorporating ground pumice and silica fume

In recent times, the importance of constructing different models to predict the elastic properties of concrete have become common. The objective of this study is to investigate the performances of some empirical and composite material models to predict the modulus of elasticity of high strength concrete (HSC) with ground pumice (GP) and silica fume (SF). The experimental compressive strengths and unit weights of these high strength concretes, are used in the calculations of the modulus of elasticity of concretes by common empirical models. Then, modulus of elasticity of same HSCs are also predicted using some common composite material models. Finally, all model predictions are compared to the experimental modulus of elasticity of high strength concretes. The performances of all models are discussed. Consequently, both empirical and composite material models can be employed to predict the modulus of elasticity for GP and SF concretes, using the assumptions in this study. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Influence of Different Types of Wastes on Mechanical and Durability Properties of Interlocking Concrete Block Paving (ICBP): A Review

This paper examines the compressive, flexural and tensile strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, unit weight, water absorption, freeze-thawing, thermal and abrasion resistance, and microstructural properties of Interlocking Concrete Block Paving (ICBP) containing major industrial and agricultural wastes along with an assessment of their environmental effects, with a specific focus on recent work. The color, shape, and patterns of the blocks, their advantages, and their relationship with sustainability are discussed in this study. In addition, a limited number of studies that investigated the use of other byproducts are presented. Based on a review of the existing studies in the literature, recommendations are made for future studies. It has been determined that up to 30% inclusion of waste evaluated in ICBP provides optimal performance in terms of the evaluated properties. Moreover, as ICBP provides opportunities for low-energy concrete block production, the environmental burden and total cost of concrete and concrete block pavements can be reduced. Considering these benefits, studies performed on this subject seem promising. However, one of the missing points in ICBP is that the surface layer is not homogeneous due to the presence of various material types due to the coating design and analysis method. Therefore, modified slab analysis, layered elastic analysis, and finite element analysis can be used to analyze ICBP in detail

INVESTIGATION OF SOME EMPIRICAL AND COMPOSITE MODELS FOR THE PREDICTION OF ELASTIC MODULI OF PUMICE AGGREGATE CONCRETES

Son zamanlarda, farklı betonların elastisite modüllerinin tahmin edildiği çalışmaların sayısı sürekli artmıştır. Bu çalışmada, pomza agregası içeren betonlarla ilgili bir referans makale literatürden seçilmiştir. Bu referans çalışmada yer alan beton serilerinin karışım oranları, basınç dayanımları ve birim hacim ağırlığı özellikleri yardımıyla mevcut 10 adet ampirik ve 10 adet kompozit model ile elastisite modülleri tahmini yapılmıştır. Tahmin edilen değerler referans çalışmadan elde edilen serilerin deneysel elastisite modülleri ile karşılaştırılarak söz konusu ampirik ve kompozit modellerin pomza agregalı betonların elastisite modüllerinin tahminindeki performansları değerlendirilmiştir. Pomza agregalı betonların elastisite modüllerinin tahminine en uygun model belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Deneysel elastisite modülleri ile tahmin edilen elastisite modülleri arasındaki hata oranları tartışılmış ve pomza agregalı betonların elastisite modülleri ile ilgili genel değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.Recently, the number of studies in which the elastic modulus of different concrete is estimated has continuously increased. In this study, a reference article dealing with concrete containing pumice aggregate was chosen from the literature. The elastic moduli of the pumice concretes given in the reference article were predicted by using 10 empirical and 10 composite models with the aid of mixture proportions, compressive strengths and unit weights of those pumice concrete series. The performances of mentioned empirical and composite models for predicting the elastic moduli of pumice aggregate concretes were evaluated by comparing the predicted elastic moduli with the experimental elastic moduli reported in the reference paper. It was tried to determine the most appropriate model for the prediction of elastic moduli of pumice aggregate concretes. The error percentages between predicted elastic moduli and the experimental elastic moduli were discussed, and a general evaluation about the moduli of elasticity of pumice aggregate concrete was reported

Usage of industrial by-products to produce plain concrete elements

This paper describes the results of research aimed at studying the possible usage of bottom ash (BA) and granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS) in production of plain concrete elements. Sufficient number of briquettes, paving blocks and kerbs specimens containing GBFS and BA as fine aggregate replacement were produced in laboratory. Then, some of tests were conducted for investigating durability and mechanical properties of these specimens. Unit weight, compression strength and freeze-thaw tests were conducted for briquette specimens. Compression strength, freeze-thaw, water absorption and surface abrasion tests were conducted for paving blocks. Surface abrasion and flexural tensile strength tests were conducted for kerb specimens. While compression strength was decreased slightly, durability characteristics such as resistance of freeze-thaw and abrasion were improved. The results showed that usage of partially fine aggregate of these industrial by-products has more beneficial effects on durability characteristics of plain concrete elements. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

A novel study for the estimation of crack propagation in concrete using machine learning algorithms

In this study, the crack pattern and propagation in a random concrete surface has been examined using machine learning algorithm called voronoi diagrams. A random photo of a concrete crack located on the surface is taken from a common source and the crack dimensions and directions have been measured. After then, the crack has been divided into 12 parts to evaluate the machine learning algorithm's capability for estimating the crack pattern including its direction. Consequently, it has been shown that this novel technique is precise, quick, cheap and useful for monitoring and estimating crack propagation on concrete surfaces. Besides, it has great potential for not only cement and concrete industries and also for many different industries in the means of automation, sustainability, safety, cost and time savings for observing and estimating crack propagations or other properties of materials. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Enhancing energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness while reducing CO2 emissions in a hospital building

Global population growth drives fossil fuel usage, surpassing natural greenhouse gas emissions and causing climate change, higher temperatures, floods, and agricultural erosion. The study underscores the significance of appropriate material selection and meticulous building design to establish a healthy living environment and mitigate energy consumption. The research is dedicated to the reduction of CO2 emissions. Hospitals, due to their constant energy requirements, require optimal temperature and comfort management for patients, necessitating careful design to avoid disruptions and power outages. The principal objective of this research is to enhance energy efficiency in the design phase of hospital buildings in Turkey and to develop an energy-efficient hospital model. This objective is achieved by evaluating different insulation materials, building orientations, lighting efficiency, and window-to-wall ratios. The methodology involves creating a reference structure for energy load calculations using Revit software and utilizing the Green Building Studio (GBS) program to conduct energy analyses in 7 different cities across Turkey. The study found that the utilization of building parameters with renewable energy sources reduced energy consumption by 57.5%, total costs by 16.24%, and CO2 emissions by 26.3%. The fundamental contribution of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of reducing energy consumption, costs, and CO2 emissions through design adjustments. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive approach to optimizing energy efficiency and CO2 emissions in hospital buildings in Turkey. These findings underline the significance of energy-efficient design, particularly considering the impact of increased energy usage and CO2 emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Experimental investigation of some fresh and hardened properties of rubberized self-compacting concrete

In this study, the usage of ground elastic wastes such as rubber in SCC is investigated. Rubber has replaced aggregates at the contents of 60. 120 and 180 kg/m(3) in SCC by weight. Four different mixture proportions have been prepared. Moreover, 24 series have been produced by using six different viscosity agents in both SCC and rubberized self-compacted concrete (RSCC). By using these agents, it is attempted to see the effects of them on the properties of RSCC. Fly ash (FA) is used as filler material. The slump-flow, V-funnel. compressive strength, high temperature and freezing-thawing resistances of RSCC have been compared to the properties of ordinary SCC. At the end, it is observed that increase in RA content leads to increase in fresh properties of RSCC such as workability because of the existence of viscosity agents in mixtures. It decreases the hardened properties such as compressive strength and durability. However, the different viscosity agents can provide appropriate results for RSCC containing the same rubber aggregate (RA) content and the hardened properties of RSCC are better than the properties of ordinary concrete even if they are lower than the ones of SCC. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved