1,823 research outputs found
Economic Issues in Tariffication: An Overview
Tariffication is an effort to convert all existing agricultural nontariff barriers (NTBs) to trade into bound tariffs and to reduce these tariffs over time. The main economic issues that arise with tariffication stem from the nonequivalence of tariffs in NTBs in a number of scenarios. This paper analyzes nonequivalence arising from the existence of imperfect competition in importing countries, price instability in importing and exporting countries, and inefficient allocation of quantitative restrictions. It is shown that in all these cases the definition of an appropriate equivalent tariff to be used in tariffication is not straightforward, and that in general this equivalent tariff cannot be computed on the basis of only observed price differences between countries
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Correspondence
Presents letters to the editor to comment on articles in previous issues. Robert Wright's article "Faux Pas," in the October 11, 1993 issue which castigates Economic Policy Institute President Jeff Faux for his criticism of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA); Robert Wright's reply; Simon Seba Montefiore's article "Mother Dolores" in the October 4, 1993 issue; Michael Kinsley's "Trading Places" in the October 4 issue in which he criticizes the Republicans who may desert the NAFTA cause; Praise for Jacob Weisberg for finding the unpublished "Blythe Spirit," by William Faulkner, in Weisberg's September 6, 1993 article
Corporate Social Responsibility and Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs): Management Perceptions from IFIs in Bahrain
Islamic finance is gaining greater attention in the finance industry, and this paper analyses how Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) are responding to the welfare needs of society. Using interview data with managers and content analysis of the disclosures, this study attempts to understand management perceptions of corporate social
responsibility (CSR) in IFIs. A thorough understanding of CSR by managers, as evident in the interviews, has not been translated fully into practice. The partial use of IFIs’ potential role in social welfare would add further challenges in the era of financialisation
Tourism income and economic growth in Greece: Empirical evidence from their cyclical components
This paper examines the relationship between the cyclical
components of Greek GDP and international tourism income for
Greece for the period 1976–2004. Using spectral analysis the authors
find that cyclical fluctuations of GDP have a length of about nine
years and that international tourism income has a cycle of about
seven years. The volatility of tourism income is more than eight
times the volatility of the Greek GDP cycle. VAR analysis shows that
the cyclical component of tourism income is significantly influencing
the cyclical component of GDP in Greece. The findings support the
tourism-led economic growth hypothesis and are of particular
interest and importance to policy makers, financial analysts and
investors dealing with the Greek tourism industry
Tuberculin skin testing boosts interferon gamma responses to DIVA reagents in Mycobacterium bovis-Infected cattle
ABSTRACT
Mycobacterium bovis
BCG vaccination sensitizes cattle to bovine tuberculin, which compromises the use of the current bovine tuberculosis (TB) surveillance tests. Although the performance of a blood test (that utilizes antigens expressed by
Mycobacterium bovis
but not by BCG) capable of discriminating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA interferon gamma test [DIT]) has been evaluated in naturally infected TB field reactors, there is a need to perform similar analysis in a BCG-vaccinated
M. bovis
-infected population. Furthermore, we explored different scenarios under which a DIT may be implemented alongside BCG vaccination: (i) serial testing to resolve potential false-positive skin test results or (ii) a standalone test to replace the single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT) skin test. Our results demonstrated significantly better relative test sensitivity when the DIT was evaluated in a serial test scenario. Direct comparison of pre- and post-skin test blood samples revealed that the SICCT test induced significant boosting of the gamma interferon response in
M. bovis
-infected animals to both the ESAT-6–CFP-10 and Rv3615c peptide cocktails that comprise the DIT, which persisted for the ESAT-6–CFP-10 reagent for at least 14 days. Importantly, no similar boosting effects were observed in noninfected BCG vaccinates, suggesting that DIVA blood testing after a recent skin test would have minimal impact on test specificity.
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Why Agricultural Technological Transfers to Developing Countries Should be Deregulated
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