Le syndicat des communes forestières de la haute Vallée de l'Aude, outil de développement local en forêt méditerranéenne de production

International audienc

Foresterie, aménagement du territoire et télédétection

L article envisage les perspectives offertes par les données satellitaires spot-1 dans les domaines de l aménagement du territoire et de la foresterie. L intérêt majeur de la télédétection en foresterie réside dans la possibilité d obtenir des vues synoptiques sur des territoires importants, dans celle de mise à jour fréquente (6 à 13 mois par exemple), les données peuvent être délivrées à l utilisateur directement sous forme numérique, ce qui autorise des combinaisons avec des données externes (administratives, techniques, scientifiques)

Gestion des ressources naturelles. La prévention des incendies de forêts dans le département de l'Aude

International audienc

β2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonists Inhibit the Proliferation of 1321N1 Astrocytoma CellsS⃞

Astrocytomas and glioblastomas have been particularly difficult to treat and refractory to chemotherapy. However, significant evidence has been presented that demonstrates a decrease in astrocytoma cell proliferation subsequent to an increase in cAMP levels. The 1321N1 astrocytoma cell line, as well as other astrocytomas and glioblastomas, expresses β2-adrenergic receptors (β2-ARs) that are coupled to Gs activation and consequent cAMP production. Experiments were conducted to determine whether the β2-AR agonist (R,R′)-fenoterol and other β2-AR agonists could attenuate mitogenesis and, if so, by what mechanism. Receptor binding studies were conducted to characterize β2-AR found in 1321N1 and U118 cell membranes. In addition, cells were incubated with (R,R′)-fenoterol and analogs to determine their ability to stimulate intracellular cAMP accumulation and inhibit [3H]thymidine incorporation into the cells. 1321N1 cells contain significant levels of β2-AR as determined by receptor binding. (R,R′)-fenoterol and other β2-AR agonists, as well as forskolin, stimulated cAMP accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Accumulation of cAMP induced a decrease in [3H]thymidine incorporation. There was a correlation between concentration required to stimulate cAMP accumulation and inhibit [3H]thymidine incorporation. U118 cells have a reduced number of β2-ARs and a concomitant reduction in the ability of β2-AR agonists to inhibit cell proliferation. These studies demonstrate the efficacy of β2-AR agonists for inhibition of growth of the astrocytoma cell lines. Because a significant portion of brain tumors contain β2-ARs to a greater extent than whole brain, (R,R′)-fenoterol, or some analog, may be useful in the treatment of brain tumors after biopsy to determine β2-AR expression

Expressão gênica nos estigmas e estiletes de plantas da família Solanaceae: seqüências relacionadas com a patogênese Gene expression in Solanaceae stigmas and styles: pathogenesis related sequences

O florescimento é uma mudança fundamental no desenvolvimento das plantas. A evocação do florescimento é a transição entre a fase vegetativa e a reprodutiva, durante a qual ocorre a especialização dos meristemas apicais. Nas plantas com flores completas, como aquelas da família Solanaceae, células meristemáticas na camada mais externa, dão origem às sépalas e aquelas na segunda camada originam as pétalas; na terceira camada, as células tornam-se estames e aquelas na quarta e mais interna camada dão origem aos carpelos (ovários, estiletes e estigmas). O surgimento desses órgãos florais é relativamente recente na história evolutiva das plantas e demandou o desenvolvimento de padrões de expressão tecido-específicos. Um desses padrões específicos, em flores de Solanaceae, inclui a expressão de genes relacionados com os processos de defesa, cuja atividade é induzida por infecção com patógenos ou por ferimentos nos órgãos vegetativos da planta, mas que são constitutivamente expressos nas flores sadias, onde os transcritos se acumulam seguindo padrões vinculados ao desenvolvimento. Neste trabalho, são revistas e compiladas as informações publicadas sobre os genes relacionados com as reações de defesa, denominados Sp41, PR10a, SK2 e sobre uma adenosina-metiltransferase, que também pode estar relacionada com a reação aos patógenos, e que seguem esse modelo de expressão. Algumas das hipóteses existentes para explicar este modelo também são apresentadas.<br>Flowering is a fundamental process in plant development. Flower evocation is the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase, when the specialization of apical meristems takes place. In plants, such as the Solanaceae, which present complete flowers, the meristematic cells in the most external first series bring out the sepals and those cells in the second series turn to be the petals; in the third series the cells become stamens and the cells in the innermost series give origin to carpels (ovaries, styles and stigmas). Floral organs have shown up recently in evolution and this event demanded the development of tissue-specific patterns for gene expression. Indeed, some of the pathogenesis related genes from Solanaceae, induced by infection or wounding in vegetative organs, show flower-specific patterns of transcription, with constitutive expression and the occurrence of temporal profiles of expression controlled by development being detected in healthy floral tissues. PR10a, SK2, Sp41 pathogenesis related genes and an adenosine:methyltransferase, possibly related to pathogenesis as well, are genes that follow the described tissue-specific patterns and are reviewed here. Hypothesis proposed to demonstrate the meanings of these mechanisms of gene expression are also presented

Critical care usage after major gastrointestinal and liver surgery: a prospective, multicentre observational study

Background Patient selection for critical care admission must balance patient safety with optimal resource allocation. This study aimed to determine the relationship between critical care admission, and postoperative mortality after abdominal surgery. Methods This prespecified secondary analysis of a multicentre, prospective, observational study included consecutive patients enrolled in the DISCOVER study from UK and Republic of Ireland undergoing major gastrointestinal and liver surgery between October and December 2014. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore associations between critical care admission (planned and unplanned) and mortality, and inter-centre variation in critical care admission after emergency laparotomy. Results Of 4529 patients included, 37.8% (n=1713) underwent planned critical care admissions from theatre. Some 3.1% (n=86/2816) admitted to ward-level care subsequently underwent unplanned critical care admission. Overall 30-day mortality was 2.9% (n=133/4519), and the risk-adjusted association between 30-day mortality and critical care admission was higher in unplanned [odds ratio (OR): 8.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.51–19.97) than planned admissions (OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.43–3.85). Some 26.7% of patients (n=1210/4529) underwent emergency laparotomies. After adjustment, 49.3% (95% CI: 46.8–51.9%, P<0.001) were predicted to have planned critical care admissions, with 7% (n=10/145) of centres outside the 95% CI. Conclusions After risk adjustment, no 30-day survival benefit was identified for either planned or unplanned postoperative admissions to critical care within this cohort. This likely represents appropriate admission of the highest-risk patients. Planned admissions in selected, intermediate-risk patients may present a strategy to mitigate the risk of unplanned admission. Substantial inter-centre variation exists in planned critical care admissions after emergency laparotomies

Body mass index and complications following major gastrointestinal surgery: A prospective, international cohort study and meta-analysis

Aim Previous studies reported conflicting evidence on the effects of obesity on outcomes after gastrointestinal surgery. The aims of this study were to explore the relationship of obesity with major postoperative complications in an international cohort and to present a metaanalysis of all available prospective data. Methods This prospective, multicentre study included adults undergoing both elective and emergency gastrointestinal resection, reversal of stoma or formation of stoma. The primary end-point was 30-day major complications (Clavien–Dindo Grades III–V). A systematic search was undertaken for studies assessing the relationship between obesity and major complications after gastrointestinal surgery. Individual patient meta-analysis was used to analyse pooled results. Results This study included 2519 patients across 127 centres, of whom 560 (22.2%) were obese. Unadjusted major complication rates were lower in obese vs normal weight patients (13.0% vs 16.2%, respectively), but this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.863) on multivariate analysis for patients having surgery for either malignant or benign conditions. Individual patient meta-analysis demonstrated that obese patients undergoing surgery formalignancy were at increased risk of major complications (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.49–2.96, P < 0.001), whereas obese patients undergoing surgery for benign indications were at decreased risk (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46–0.75, P < 0.001) compared to normal weight patients. Conclusions In our international data, obesity was not found to be associated with major complications following gastrointestinal surgery. Meta-analysis of available prospective data made a novel finding of obesity being associated with different outcomes depending on whether patients were undergoing surgery for benign or malignant disease

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical science. © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press