The Welfare-Nihilist Arguments against Judgment Subjectivism

Judgment subjectivism is the view that x is good for S if and only if, because, and to the extent that S believes, under the proper conditions, that x is good for S. In this paper, I offer three related arguments against the theory. The arguments are about what judgment subjectivism implies about the well-being of welfare nihilists, people who believe there are no welfare properties, or at least that none are instantiated. I maintain that welfare nihilists can be benefited and harmed. Judgment subjectivism is implausible because it implies otherwise

Mesocale approach for fluidized beds

Fluid-particle flows are frequently encountered in industrial facilities and especially in chemical engineering processes. In this work, we focus on fluidized beds, which involve a fluid flow passing upward through a pack of particles with such a velocity that the fluid force acting on particles is larger than their weight

Racial Differences in Hypertension Claims Rates for Medicaid Patients: Has it Changed Since 1991?

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the racial differences hypertension claim rates for Medicaid patients has changed since 1991. Age-specific and age-adjusted prevalence rates of hypertension in 2015, and the first 2015 claim rates by race and gender were calculated and compared to age-specific and age-adjusted prevalence rates of hypertension in 1991 and the first 1991 claim rates by race and gender. Gender-specific black-to-white risk ratios were also calculated. The comparison reveled that in both study groups, African-American females were more likely than African-American males, or whites of either sex to have hypertension diagnoses. Using Medicaid data from 12 unknown states for the 2015 calculations represented a significant limitations due to the possibility that any, most, or all of the 12 states could be excluded from the stroke belt, as well as the early 20th century phenomena such as the Great Migration, which may have caused underestimation of comparison in the prevalence and incidence of hypertension among Medicaid recipients in 2015; however, significant racial differences in the occurrence of hypertension still existed among them

Robust I-Sample Analysis of Means Type Randomization Tests for Variances

The advent of powerful computers has brought about the randomization technique for testing statistical hypotheses. Randomization tests are based on shuffles or rearrangements of the (combined) sample. Putting each of the I samples in a bowl forms the combined sample. Drawing samples from the bowl forms a shuffle. Shuffles can be made with or without replacement. In this thesis, analysis of means type randomization tests will be presented to solve the homogeneity of variance problem. An advantage of these tests is that they allow the user to graphically present the results via a decision chart similar to a Shewhart control chart. The focus is on finding tests that are robust to departures from normality. The proposed tests will be compared against commonly used nonrandomization tests. The type I error stability across several nonnormal distributions and the power of each test will be studied via Monte Carlo simulation

Have a CCOW: A CRAAP alternative for the internet age

The CRAAP Test is a popular tool for teaching students to evaluate information. Its simplicity and ease of understanding make it suitable for teaching in the limited time of a typical one-shot library instruction session. However, it has recently come under criticism for being unequal to the internet age. Critics hold that students treat the CRAAP criteria as a checklist, rarely leaving the source under evaluation to gather more information to aid their assessment, an activity crucial for internet factchecking. This paper details a new set of evaluation criteria that seeks to retain the convenient conceptual packaging of CRAAP while encouraging an investigative mindset. Students are asked to actively investigate the Credentials, Claims, and Objectives behind the information they are evaluating. A fourth criterion, Worldview, prompts metacognition and builds the self-awareness critical to making good judgements about information. This paper explores the CCOW criteria and details a flipped, online guide and exercise which has been successfully used to teach information literacy (IL) to college students in their first year of study using CCOW

Qualification of Taxable Entities and Treaty Protection: United States

This report was prepared for the 2014 International Congress of the International Fiscal Association. The general reporters for the Congress asked IFA branches around the world to prepare a report designed to provide information on how countries address (1) the question of when domestic and foreign entities are treated as transparent or taxable and (2) conflicts between different countries’ treatment of entities as transparent or taxable for treaty purposes. This report constitutes the IFA U.S.A. Branch’s submission to the general reporters. The report is divided into two sections. The first section of the report provides a general description of how both domestic and foreign entities are classified under U.S. federal tax law. The second section of the report focuses on how the United States deals with conflicts in entity classification when applying tax treaties. This section of the report consists of an analysis of a series of different scenarios posed by the general reporters to all IFA branches where different countries classify the same entity differently (i.e., one or more countries treat the entity as taxable while one or more other countries treat the entity as transparent)