1,777 research outputs found
Current Models of Investor State Dispute Settlement Are Bad for Health: The European Union Could Offer an Alternative Comment on "The Trans-Pacific Partnership: Is It Everything We Feared for Health?"
In this commentary, we endorse concerns about the health impact of the trans-pacific partnership (TPP), paying particular attention to its mechanisms for investor state dispute settlement. We then describe the different, judge-led approach being advocated by the European Commission team negotiating the Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, arguing that, while not perfect, it offers significant advantages
Quasiparticle Resonances in the BCS Approach
We present a simple method for calculating the energies and the widths of
quasiparticle resonant states. The method is based on BCS equations solved in
the Berggren representation. In this representation the quasiparticle
resonances are associated to the Gamow states of the mean field. The method is
illustrated for the case of neutron-rich nuclei O and Ni. It
is shown that the contribution of the continuum coupling to the pairing
correlations is small and largely dominated by a few resonant states close to
the continuum threshold.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figure
Using of small-scale quantum computers in cryptography with many-qubit entangled states
We propose a new cryptographic protocol. It is suggested to encode
information in ordinary binary form into many-qubit entangled states with the
help of a quantum computer. A state of qubits (realized, e.g., with photons) is
transmitted through a quantum channel to the addressee, who applies a quantum
computer tuned to realize the inverse unitary transformation decoding of the
message. Different ways of eavesdropping are considered, and an estimate of the
time needed for determining the secret unitary transformation is given. It is
shown that using even small quantum computers can serve as a basis for very
efficient cryptographic protocols. For a suggested cryptographic protocol, the
time scale on which communication can be considered secure is exponential in
the number of qubits in the entangled states and in the number of gates used to
construct the quantum network
Quantum Cryptography Based on the Time--Energy Uncertainty Relation
A new cryptosystem based on the fundamental time--energy uncertainty relation
is proposed. Such a cryptosystem can be implemented with both correlated photon
pairs and single photon states.Comment: 5 pages, LaTex, no figure
Entangled photon pairs produced by a quantum dot strongly coupled to a microcavity
We show theoretically that entangled photon pairs can be produced on demand
through the biexciton decay of a quantum dot strongly coupled to the modes of a
photonic crystal. The strong coupling allows to tune the energy of the mixed
exciton-photon (polariton) eigenmodes, and to overcome the natural splitting
existing between the exciton states coupled with different linear polarizations
of light. Polariton states are moreover well protected against dephasing due to
their lifetime ten to hundred times shorter than that of a bare exciton. Our
analysis shows that the scheme proposed can be achievable with the present
technology
Current Models of Investor State Dispute Settlement Are Bad for Health: The European Union Could Offer an Alternative Comment on "The Trans-Pacific Partnership: Is It Everything We Feared for Health?"
Homozygous Hypomorphic HNF1A Alleles Are a Novel Cause of Young-Onset Diabetes and Result in Sulfonylurea-Sensitive Diabetes
Objective: Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in HNF1A cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). Affected individuals can be treated with low-dose sulfonylureas. Individuals with homozygous HNF1A mutations causing MODY have not been reported.
Research design and methods: We phenotyped a kindred with young-onset diabetes and performed molecular genetic testing, a mixed meal tolerance test, a sulfonylurea challenge, and in vitro assays to assess variant protein function.
Results: A homozygous HNF1A variant (p.A251T) was identified in three insulin-treated family members diagnosed with diabetes before 20 years of age. Those with the homozygous variant had low hs-CRP levels (0.2-0.8 mg/L), and those tested demonstrated sensitivity to sulfonylurea given at a low dose, completely transitioning off insulin. In silico modeling predicted a variant of unknown significance; however, in vitro studies supported a modest reduction in transactivation potential (79% of that for the wild type; P < 0.05) in the absence of endogenous HNF1A.
Conclusions: Homozygous hypomorphic HNF1A variants are a cause of HNF1A-MODY. We thus expand the allelic spectrum of variants in dominant genes causing diabetes.This article is freely available via Open Access. Click on the publisher URL to access it via the publisher's site.This work was undertaken with funds from the Diabetes Research & Wellness Foundation (through a Sutherland-Earl Fellowship 2013–2016) and the Imperial College Healthcare Charity, and with infrastructure support from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Imperial Clinical Research Facility, and Clinical Research Network. S.M. is currently supported by a Future Leaders Mentorship Award from the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. A.J. was a Diabetes UK George Alberti Clinical Research Fellow when contributing to this study. S.E. received a Senior Investigator Award from Wellcome Trust. A.L.G. is a Wellcome Senior Fellow in Basic Biomedical Science. Part of this work was funded in Oxford by the Wellcome Trust (grants 095101 and 200837 [both to A.L.G.]). The research was also funded by the NIHR Oxford and BRC (to A.L.G.).Accepted version, submitted versio
Third quantization of -type gravity
We examine the third quantization of -type gravity, based on its
effective Lagrangian in the case of a flat Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker
metric. Starting from the effective Lagrangian, we execute a suitable change of
variable and the second quantization, and we obtain the Wheeler-DeWitt
equation. The third quantization of this theory is considered. And the
uncertainty relation of the universe is investigated in the example of
-type gravity, where . It is shown, when the time is late
namely the scale factor of the universe is large, the spacetime does not
contradict to become classical, and, when the time is early namely the scale
factor of the universe is small, the quantum effects are dominating.Comment: 9 pages, Arbitrary constants in (4.19) are changed to arbitrary
functions of . Conclusions are not changed. References are added.
Typos are correcte
A Comprehensive Archival Search for Counterparts to Ultra-Compact High Velocity Clouds: Five Local Volume Dwarf Galaxies
We report five Local Volume dwarf galaxies (two of which are presented here
for the first time) uncovered during a comprehensive archival search for
optical counterparts to ultra-compact high velocity clouds (UCHVCs). The UCHVC
population of HI clouds are thought to be candidate gas-rich, low mass halos at
the edge of the Local Group and beyond, but no comprehensive search for stellar
counterparts to these systems has been presented. Careful visual inspection of
all publicly available optical and ultraviolet imaging at the position of the
UCHVCs revealed six blue, diffuse counterparts with a morphology consistent
with a faint dwarf galaxy beyond the Local Group. Optical spectroscopy of all
six candidate dwarf counterparts show that five have an H-derived
velocity consistent with the coincident HI cloud, confirming their association,
the sixth diffuse counterpart is likely a background object. The size and
luminosity of the UCHVC dwarfs is consistent with other known Local Volume
dwarf irregular galaxies. The gas fraction () of the five
dwarfs are generally consistent with that of dwarf irregular galaxies in the
Local Volume, although ALFALFA-Dw1 (associated with ALFALFA UCHVC
HVC274.68+74.70123) has a very high 40. Despite the
heterogenous nature of our search, we demonstrate that the current dwarf
companions to UCHVCs are at the edge of detectability due to their low surface
brightness, and that deeper searches are likely to find more stellar systems.
If more sensitive searches do not reveal further stellar counterparts to
UCHVCs, then the dearth of such systems around the Local Group may be in
conflict with CDM simulations.Comment: 18 pages, 4 tables, 4 figures, ApJ Accepte
Entanglement and the SU(2) phase states in atomic systems
We show that a system of 2n identical two-level atoms interacting with n
cavity photons manifests entanglement and that the set of entangled states
coincides with the so-called SU(2) phase states. In particular, violation of
classical realism in terms of the GHZ and GHSH conditions is proved. We discuss
a new property of entanglement expressed in terms of local measurements. We
also show that generation of entangled states in the atom-photon systems under
consideration strongly depends on the choice of initial conditions and that the
parasitic influence of cavity detuning can be compensated through the use of
Kerr medium.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figur
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