17 research outputs found

    Gestion de la pollinisation de la variĂ©tĂ© "Meski" d’olive de table tunisienne auto-incompatible (Olea europaea. L)

    Get PDF
    The cross-pollination of olive self-incompatible variety Meski (Tunisia) was accomplished by interplanting Picholine variety (France) in an irrigated field in the central and continental location of Sidi Bouzid with a density of 204 trees ha-1 (7 m / 7 m). Olive production was averaged for each tree Meski for 2006-2015 period. Trees were grouped according to the minimum distance from the first pollenizer tree and to the number of pollenizers in the first three squares around the tree Meski. The relationships between olive production and the distance from Picholine pollenizer as well as the relationships of Meski olive production and the number of Picholine pollenizer were analyzed with regression models. No significant effects were observed. Thus, the first pollenizer could be placed in the second row (14 m). The pollenizer number might be 0 in the first square around Meski, 1 in the second square and 3 in the third square. In total, the three first squares should totalize a maximum of 4 pollenizer trees. Results showed an optimum olive production with 8 % of pollenizers in Meski plantations. Thus, the low productive performance of Meski is not due to low autopollination but other factors could be involved. Key words: Olive, Meski variety, Pollination, Tunisia.La pollinisation croisĂ©e de la variĂ©tĂ© d’olive auto-incompatible Meski (Tunisie) a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e par l’interplantation de la variĂ©tĂ© Picholine (France) dans un champ irriguĂ© dans la zone centrale et continentale de Sidi Bouzid avec une densitĂ© de 204 arbres ha-1 (7 m / 7 m). La production d’olives moyenne a Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©e pour chaque arbre Meski sur la pĂ©riode 2006 Ă  2015. Les arbres ont Ă©tĂ© regroupĂ©s en fonction de la distance minimale par rapport au premier arbre pollinisateur et le nombre de polinisateurs dans les trois premiĂšres carrĂ©s autour de l’arbre Meski. Les relations de rĂ©gression entre la production d’olives Meski et sa distance du pollinisateur Picholine d’une part, et entre la production d’olive Meski et le nombre de pollinisateurs Picholine d’autre part, Ă©taient toutes non significatives. Ainsi, le premier arbre pollinisateur pourrait ĂȘtre placĂ© dans le second carrĂ© (14 m). Le nombre de pollinisateurs pourrait ĂȘtre 0 dans le premier carrĂ© autour de Meski, 1 dans le deuxiĂšme carrĂ© et 3 dans le troisiĂšme carrĂ©. Au total, les trois premiers carrĂ©s devraient totaliser un maximum de 4 arbres pollinisateurs. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© une production optimale d’olive avec 8 % des polinisateurs dans les plantations Meski. Ainsi, la faible performance productive de Meski n’est pas seulement due Ă  la faible autopollinisation mais d’autres facteurs seraient Ă©galement impliquĂ©s. Mots clĂ©s: Olive, variĂ©tĂ© Meski, Pollinisation, Tunisi

    CaractĂ©risation agronomique d’hybrides d’olivier (Olea europaea. L) issus de croisements dirigĂ©s en Tunisie

    Get PDF
    Five olive hybrids obtained from the Tunisian variety 'Chemlali Sfax' using controlled crosses to improve the oil acidic composition. The objective of this work is to study the agronomic performance of these hybrids in an irrigated orchard (Sfax, Tunisia). The study of the acidic composition showed that 4 hybrids are characterized by an oleic acid content greater than 69% and a palmitic acid content less than 16%. The study of the agronomic parameters show that the hybrids have good performances at the level of a given character. Two hybrids have a fruit weight > 2 g, a hybrid with high productivity and vigor respectively 37.4 kg/tree and 10.6 m3, and a hybrid with reduced vigor. Thus, 4 hybrids can be proposed for registration for irrigated and intensive cultivation conditions and one hybrid is to be excluded from registration given its oil acidic composition similar to the local reference variety 'Chemlali Sfax'. Keywords: Olive, hybrids, agronomy parameters, fatty acid CompositionCinq hybrides d’olivier issus de la variĂ©tĂ© tunisienne ‘Chemlali Sfax’ ont Ă©tĂ© obtenus Ă  partir de croisements dirigĂ©s pour amĂ©liorer la composition acidique de l'huile. L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier le comportement agronomique de ces hybrides dans un verger conduit en irriguĂ© (Sfax, Tunisie). L’étude de la composition acidique rĂ©vĂšle que 4 hybrides se caractĂ©risent par un taux en acide olĂ©ique supĂ©rieur Ă  69 % et un taux en acide palmitique infĂ©rieur Ă  16 %. L’étude des paramĂštres agronomiques montrent que les hybrides ont de bonnes performances au niveau d’un caractĂšre dĂ©terminĂ©. Deux hybrides ont un poids du fruit > 2 g, un hybride avec productivitĂ© et vigueur Ă©levĂ©es, respectivement de 37,4 kg/arbre et 10,6 m3, et un hybride avec une vigueur rĂ©duite. De ce fait, 4 hybrides peuvent ĂȘtre proposĂ©s Ă  l’inscription pour une culture irriguĂ©e et intensive et un hybride est Ă  exclure de l’inscription vu sa composition acidique de l’huile similaire Ă  la variĂ©tĂ© locale de rĂ©fĂ©rence ‘Chemlali Sfax’. Mots-clĂ©s: Olivier, hybrides, ParamĂštres agronomiques, Composition en acides gra

    Zeitoun Ennwader: Un nouveau cultivar d’olive Ă  huile en Tunisie Ă  bonne qualitĂ© d’huile et Ă  alternance de production faible

    Get PDF
    The most outstanding olive oil cultivar ‘Chemlali Sfax’ has low oleic acid level and high palmitic acid content and a tendency to biennial bearing. Cross breeding program of this cultivar was undertaken in Tunisia since 1994 using local and foreign cultivars. Selected hybrids were planted in a comparative trial since 2005. This study aim to characterize a new olive cultivar 'Zeitoun Ennwader' better than the original cultivar. Data on morphologic, agronomic and oil quality were recorded for the new cultivar. This cultivar is distinguishable from the original cultivar due to its morphological parameters of the fruit (shape, symmetry and apex) and the endocarp (symmetry, position of maximum transverse diameter and apex). This cultivar is different from the original variety on the agronomic plan by its low alternate bearing, its early bearing and its moderate sensitivity to verticillium. The oil of the new cultivar is different from the original variety by its better fatty acid composition (higher oleic acid content and lower palmitic acid content). The adoption of this cultivar will be of great benefit to farmers (high and more regular production) and to exporters (high oil quality). Key words: Olive, Chemlali Sfax, Improvement, Oleic acid, Alternate bearing, Agronomy, MorphologyLe cultivar d’olive Ă  huile le plus remarquable 'Chemlali Sfax' a un faible niveau d'acide olĂ©ique, une teneur Ă©levĂ©e en acide palmitique et une tendance Ă  une alternance biennale. Le programme de croisement de ce cultivar a Ă©tĂ© entrepris en Tunisie depuis 1994 en utilisant des cultivars locaux et Ă©trangers. Des hybrides sĂ©lectionnĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© plantĂ©s dans un essai comparatif depuis 2005. Cette Ă©tude vise Ă  caractĂ©riser un nouveau cultivar d'olivier 'Zeitoun Ennwader' supĂ©rieur Ă  celui du cultivar d'origine. Des donnĂ©es sur les caractĂšres morphologiques, agronomiques et chimiques de l’huile ont Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ©es pour le nouveau cultivar. Ce cultivar se distingue du cultivar original par ses paramĂštres morphologiques du fruit (forme, symĂ©trie et Apex) et de l'endocarpe (symĂ©trie, position du diamĂštre transversal maximal et apex). Ce cultivar est diffĂ©rent de la variĂ©tĂ© originale sur le plan agronomique par sa faible indice d’alternance, son entrĂ©e prĂ©coce en production et sa sensibilitĂ© modĂ©rĂ©e au Verticillium. L'huile du nouveau cultivar est diffĂ©rente de la variĂ©tĂ© originale par sa meilleure composition en acides gras (teneur plus Ă©levĂ©e en acide olĂ©ique et plus faible en acide palmitique). L’adoption de ce cultivar sera d’un grand intĂ©rĂȘt pour les agriculteurs (production Ă©levĂ©e et plus rĂ©guliĂšre) et pour les exportateurs (huile de bonne qualitĂ©). Mots clĂ©s: olive, chemlali Sfax, amĂ©lioration, acide olĂ©ique, alternance, agronomie, morphologi

    Zeitoun Ennwader: Un nouveau cultivar d’olive Ă  huile en Tunisie Ă  bonne qualitĂ© d’huile et Ă  alternance de production faible

    Get PDF
    The most outstanding olive oil cultivar ‘Chemlali Sfax’ has low oleic acid level and high palmitic acid content and a tendency to biennial bearing. Cross breeding program of this cultivar was undertaken in Tunisia since 1994 using local and foreign cultivars. Selected hybrids were planted in a comparative trial since 2005. This study aim to characterize a new olive cultivar 'Zeitoun Ennwader' better than the original cultivar. Data on morphologic, agronomic and oil quality were recorded for the new cultivar. This cultivar is distinguishable from the original cultivar due to its morphological parameters of the fruit (shape, symmetry and apex) and the endocarp (symmetry, position of maximum transverse diameter and apex). This cultivar is different from the original variety on the agronomic plan by its low alternate bearing, its early bearing and its moderate sensitivity to verticillium. The oil of the new cultivar is different from the original variety by its better fatty acid composition (higher oleic acid content and lower palmitic acid content). The adoption of this cultivar will be of great benefit to farmers (high and more regular production) and to exporters (high oil quality). Key words: Olive, Chemlali Sfax, Improvement, Oleic acid, Alternate bearing, Agronomy, MorphologyLe cultivar d’olive Ă  huile le plus remarquable 'Chemlali Sfax' a un faible niveau d'acide olĂ©ique, une teneur Ă©levĂ©e en acide palmitique et une tendance Ă  une alternance biennale. Le programme de croisement de ce cultivar a Ă©tĂ© entrepris en Tunisie depuis 1994 en utilisant des cultivars locaux et Ă©trangers. Des hybrides sĂ©lectionnĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© plantĂ©s dans un essai comparatif depuis 2005. Cette Ă©tude vise Ă  caractĂ©riser un nouveau cultivar d'olivier 'Zeitoun Ennwader' supĂ©rieur Ă  celui du cultivar d'origine. Des donnĂ©es sur les caractĂšres morphologiques, agronomiques et chimiques de l’huile ont Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ©es pour le nouveau cultivar. Ce cultivar se distingue du cultivar original par ses paramĂštres morphologiques du fruit (forme, symĂ©trie et Apex) et de l'endocarpe (symĂ©trie, position du diamĂštre transversal maximal et apex). Ce cultivar est diffĂ©rent de la variĂ©tĂ© originale sur le plan agronomique par sa faible indice d’alternance, son entrĂ©e prĂ©coce en production et sa sensibilitĂ© modĂ©rĂ©e au Verticillium. L'huile du nouveau cultivar est diffĂ©rente de la variĂ©tĂ© originale par sa meilleure composition en acides gras (teneur plus Ă©levĂ©e en acide olĂ©ique et plus faible en acide palmitique). L’adoption de ce cultivar sera d’un grand intĂ©rĂȘt pour les agriculteurs (production Ă©levĂ©e et plus rĂ©guliĂšre) et pour les exportateurs (huile de bonne qualitĂ©). Mots clĂ©s: olive, chemlali Sfax, amĂ©lioration, acide olĂ©ique, alternance, agronomie, morphologi

    Applications of Microsatellite Markers for the Characterization of Olive Genetic Resources of Tunisia

    No full text
    Among the countries of the Mediterranean Basin, Tunisia is located at the crossroad for the immigration of several civilizations over the last two millennia, becoming a strategic place for gene flow, and a secondary center of diversity for olive species. Olive is one of the principal crop species in Tunisia and now it strongly characterizes the rural landscape of the country. In recent years, collecting missions on farm and in situ were carried out by various institutes, with special emphasis given to ex situ collections serving as a reference for the identification of olive germplasm. Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) represent the easiest and cheapest markers for olive genetic fingerprinting and have been the tool of choice for studying the genetic diversity of this crop in Tunisia, to resolve cases of homonymy and synonymy among the commercialized varieties, to identify rare cultivars, to improve knowledge about the genetic variability of this crop, to identify a hot spot of olive biodiversity in the Tunisian oasis of Degache, and to enrich the national reference collection of olive varieties. The present review describes the state of the art of the genetic characterization of the Tunisian olive germplasm and illustrate the progress obtained through the SSR markers, in individuating interesting genotypes that could be used for facing incoming problems determined by climate changes

    A Hot Spot of Olive Biodiversity in the Tunisian Oasis of Degache

    No full text
    Tunisia is one of the world’s largest producers of olive oil, and it preserves pools of olive genetic diversity that are still unexplored. A recent prospection and collection program of the National Gene Bank of Tunisia (NGBT) focused on the vast oasis of Degache, in the south west part of Tunisia, where 47 samples were collected and genetically characterized through simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Identification and authentication of genotypes were obtained through comparison with reference cultivars belonging to the Olive National Collection of Tunisia (IOC) and with cultivars from Algeria, Italia, Syria and Lebanon. Degache olive genotypes showed large genetic variability, a significant diversity from the reference germplasm, and a clear differentiation from modern varieties. The population structure analysis identified four gene pools characterizing genotypes from different area of origin. Two gene pools appear to be more represented in germplasm from southern Tunisia, where environmental conditions at critical plant development phases, are harsher. This suggests that this germplasm might present traits of adaptation useful for breeding to improve resilience to abiotic stresses. Our results will support ex situ and in situ conservation activities of Tunisian olive germplasm pursued by the National Gene Bank of Tunisia

    Recovery, Assessment, and Molecular Characterization of Minor Olive Genotypes in Tunisia

    No full text
    Olive is one of the oldest cultivated species in the Mediterranean Basin, including Tunisia, where it has a wide diversity, with more than 200 cultivars, of both wild and feral forms. Many minor cultivars are still present in marginal areas of Tunisia, where they are maintained by farmers in small local groves, but they are poorly characterized and evaluated. In order to recover this neglected germplasm, surveys were conducted in different areas, and 31 genotypes were collected, molecularly characterized with 12 nuclear microsatellite (simple sequence repeat (SSR)) markers, and compared with 26 reference cultivars present in the Tunisian National Olive collection. The analysis revealed an overall high genetic diversity of this olive’s germplasm, but also discovered the presence of synonymies and homonymies among the commercialized varieties. The structure analysis showed the presence of different gene pools in the analyzed germplasm. In particular, the marginal germplasm from Ras Jbal and Azmour is characterized by gene pools not present in commercial (Nurseries) varieties, pointing out the very narrow genetic base of the commercialized olive material in Tunisia, and the need to broaden it to avoid the risk of genetic erosion of this species in this country
    corecore