Biological and molecular characterization of an isolate of Tobacco streak virus obtained from soybeans in Brazil.

A virus was isolated from soybean (Glycine max) plants with symptoms of dwarfing and bud blight in Wenceslau Braz County, Paraná, Brazil. The host range and properties resembled those of Tobacco streak virus (TSV). The purified virus showed three peaks in a frozen sucrose gradient. Antiserum was produced and the virus was serologically related to TSV. Electron microscopy detected 28 nm spherical particles. Coat protein (CP) had a Mr of 29.880 Da. A fragment of 1028 nt was amplified, cloned and sequenced. One open reading frame with 717 nt was identified and associated to the CP. The CP gene shared 83% identity with the sequence of TSV CP from white clover (Trifolium repens) (GenBank CAA25133). This is the first report of the biological and molecular characterization of TSV isolated from soybeans. It is proposed that this isolate be considered a strain of TSV named TSV-BR

Necrose da haste da soja.

Estudos etiológicos; Levantamento da doença e novas ocorrências; Propriedades do gênero Carlavirus; Histórico de virose similar no Brasil; Variabilidade entre isolados do vírus; Determinação de resistência em cultivares de soja; Considerações finais.bitstream/CNPSO-2010/24143/1/doc221.pd

Evidence supporting the recognition of Cole latent virus as a distinct carlavirus

Some molecular properties are described of Cole latent virus (CoLV), hitherto designated a tentative species of the Carlavirus genus. CoLV genomic RNA (Ribonucleic acid) of 8.3 Kb is polyadenylated. Two unencapsidated polyadenylated subgenomic RNAs (2.6 and 1.3 Kb) and three double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) (8.3, 2.6 and 1.3 Kbp), which are twice the size of the genomic and subgenomics ssRNAs, are produced in CoLV-infected plants, two additional dsRNAs (7.2 and 6.3 Kbp) were also detected plant extracts. By using a Carlavirus specific primer and a CoLV cDNA, a-3'-terminus fragment of 116 bp was amplified; it had homology with the carlaviruses Potato virus M (62%)., Hop latent virus (37%) and Blueberry scorch virus (36%) but no significant homology with 11 other carlaviruses. These results support the classification of CoLV as a distinct species of the Carlavirus genus

A degenerate primer allows amplification of part of the 3 '-terminus of three distinct carlavirus species

Sequences of the coat protein amino acids of definitive and tentative species of carlaviruses deposited in GenBank were aligned and a region of seven amino acids (GLGVPTE) was found to be conserved. The corresponding nucleotides were aligned, allowing the design of a degenerate primer that together with an oligo dT anti-sense primer, was effective for the detection of three distinct carlavirus species, two transmitted by aphids and one by whitefly. These primers have the advantage that about 940 nt from the 3'-terminus, comprising part of the CP gene (about 60%), the 11 K gene, and the terminal untranslated region can be amplified for sequencing. The fact that this amino acid sequence is conserved in almost all of the sequenced carlaviruses, allows the prediction that this primer pair will be useful as a diagnostic tool for carlavirus species. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Combined Phylogenetic And Morphometric Information To Delimit And Unify The Triatoma Brasiliensis Species Complex And The Brasiliensis Subcomplex

“Triatoma brasiliensis species complex” was defined as a monophyletic group of the species: T. brasiliensis, T. juazeirensis, T. melanica, and T. sherlocki. An alternative grouping scheme proposed the concept of “Brasiliensis subcomplex” which included the former species together with T. melanocephala, T. petrocchiae, T. lenti, T. tibiamaculata, and T. vitticeps. To evaluate the relationship among these taxa we combined the results obtained with four mitochondrial genes (12S, 16S, COI and Cytb, adding to 1811 bp) and geometric morphometric analysis of wings and heads. Panstrongylus megistus was included in the analysis as it was previously found related to T. tibiamaculata, T. melanocephala and T. vitticeps. The results of both molecular and morphometric approaches clearly grouped the species analyzed into two monophyletic units, supported by both genetic and wing variability. The first one (G1) comprises the four species originally included in the T. brasiliensis species complex plus T. lenti and T. petrocchiae. The second group (G2) was composed by T. melanocephala, T. tibiamaculata and T. vitticeps, and remarkably, P. megistus if considering wing variability and phylogenetic results. Nevertheless, geometric morphometrics of heads provided a quantitative measurement that discriminates Panstrongylus from the Triatoma species based on the position of the antennal insertion relative to eyes, as it is used as the generic distinctive character. The discrepancy among approaches questions the validity of this character to define Panstrongylus genus. Independently of the chosen group definition —“T. brasiliensis species complex” or “Brasiliensis subcomplex”—we propose to delimit it to species of G1 that are all associated with the Caatinga biome in the Brazilian Northeast. G2 are the ones associated with the Atlantic Forest biome. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.17014014

Aplicação de molibdênio e cobalto na semente para cultivo da soja Application of molybdenum and cobalt in soybean seeds

A aplicação de molibdênio e cobalto nas sementes tem sido uma prática comum para o cultivo de soja no Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de molibdênio e cobalto na nodulação da soja, na nutrição da planta e seus reflexos sobre o rendimento de grãos. O experimento foi realizado no município de Ponta Grossa (PR), em Latossolo Vermelho textura argilosa, com pH (CaCl2 0,01 mol L-1) 5,2. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos completos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de duas doses de Mo (0 e 48 g ha-1) e quatro doses de Co (0, 2, 4, e 8 g ha-1), aplicadas via semente. Não se observou interação significativa entre esses dois elementos. A aplicação de molibdênio e, ou cobalto na semente de soja não alterou a nodulação e a eficiência do processo biológico de fixação de N2, avaliada pela absorção de nitrogênio e pela concentração de nitrogênio nas folhas e nos grãos. O molibdênio aplicado na semente reduziu o teor de ferro nas folhas e não alterou a produtividade da soja. Houve redução linear na altura das plantas, na concentração foliar de zinco e no rendimento de grãos de soja com as doses de cobalto aplicadas. Pelos resultados observou-se que a aplicação de molibdênio na semente de soja não é necessária em solo com pH (CaCl2 0,01 mol L-1) 5,2 e que o cobalto aplicado na semente em doses superiores a 3,4 g ha-1 é tóxico para a cultura da soja.<br>Molybdenum and Cobalt applied to seeds is a common practice of soybean cultivation in Brazil. A field experiment was carried out on a Clay Rhodic Hapludox soil, pH (0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2) 5.2, in Ponta Grossa, State of Paraná, Brazil, aiming to evaluate the effects of Mo and Co seed application on soybean nodulation, mineral nutrition, and grain yield. Seed treatments with Mo (0 and 48 g ha-1) and Co (0, 2, 4 and 8 g ha-1) were tested in randomized complete block, with four replications, in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme. No interaction occurred between the effects of the two elements. There was no effect of treatments on nodulation as the efficiency of N2 symbiotic fixation, evaluated by soybean N uptake, or content in leaf or grain. Molybdenum treatment decreased Fe content in the leaves but did not affect soybean yield. There was a significant linear decrease in plant height, leaf concentration of Zn, and grain yield proportional to the Co amount applied. The results showed that the application of Mo is not necessary in soil with pH (0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2) 5.2, and that Co applied to the seed at rates higher than 3.4 g ha-1 is toxic to the plant

Investigação genética da surdez hereditária: mutação do gene da Conexina 26 Genetic investigation of hereditary deafness: connexin 26 gene mutation

Nos últimos anos houve grande progresso na localização de genes associados à deficiência auditiva hereditária, possibilitando diagnósticos cada vez mais precisos e precoces. Mutações no gene da Conexina 26 (GJB2 - Cx26) causam deficiência auditiva. Pela facilidade e benefício do rastreamento de mutações no gene GJB2, o teste genético está se tornando um importante recurso na saúde pública. O objetivo foi realizar pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a mutação do gene da Conexina 26 e sua influência na audição. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico por meio de busca eletrônica utilizando os descritores: perda auditiva, genética, triagem genética, Conexina 26, nas bases de dados MEDLINE, SciELO e LILACS, desde a década de 90 até os dias atuais. Concluiu-se que a mutação 35delG da Conexina 26 está potencialmente vinculada a alguns casos de perda auditiva não esclarecida. A pesquisa desta mutação poderia ser incluída na bateria de exames de investigação etiológica da surdez indeterminada, uma vez que esclarece a etiologia de alguns casos e a sua identificação possibilita o aconselhamento genético.<br>In the last few years, great progress has been made in the search for genes associated to hereditary hearing impairment, allowing more precise and earlier diagnosis. Connexin 26 gene mutations (GJB2 - Cx26) cause hearing impairment. Due to the easiness and benefits of the screening of mutations on the gene GJB2, genetic testing is becoming an important resource in public health. The aim of the present study was to conduct a literature research about the mutation of the Connexin 26 gene and its influence in hearing. It was carried out a literature review through electronic search using the keywords: hearing loss, genetics, genetic screening, and Connexin 26, at the databases MEDLINE, SciELO and LILACS, from the 90s to the present days. The results indicate that the 35delG mutation of Connexin 26 is potentially associated to some cases of hearing loss that were not justified. The research regarding this mutation could be included in the battery of tests for etiologic investigation of undetermined deafness, possibly elucidating the etiology of some cases and allowing genetic counseling