DEFENSINS AND THEIR ROLES IN H.PYLORI INFECTION

Bağışıklık sistemi doğuştan ve edinsel olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılır. Doğuştan bağışıklık sistemi, edinselden farklı olarak daha önce karşılaşmadığı patojenlere karşı hızlı ve devamlı koruma sağlar. Bu sistemin başlıca üyeleri anatomik engeller, salgısal moleküller ve hücresel bileşenlerdir. Doğuştan bağışıklık sisteminin önemli bir parçası olan antimikrobiyal peptidlerin memelilerdeki başlıca örnekleri ise defensinlerdir. Bu peptitler birçok enfeksiyonda olduğu gibi H. pylori enfeksiyonunda da görev almaktadırlar. H. pylori enfeksiyonunda defensin düzeyinin arttığı ve eradikasyonla azaldığı bilinmektedir. Ancak bu peptidlerin rolü halen net olarak ortaya konamamıştır. İleride bu konuda yapılacak çalışmalar H. pylori enfeksiyonunun patogenezini aydınlatmada yardımcı olabilir. Immune system is divided into two groups as innate and acquired. Innate immune system, different from the acquired immune system, provides a quick and permanent protection against first met pathogens. The main members of this system are anatomic barriers, secretory molecules and cellular components. Leading examples of antimicrobial peptides, an important part of innate immune system, in mammals are defensins. These peptides take place in H. pylori infection like they do in many other infections. It is known that defensin level increases in H. pylori infection and decreases with eradication. On the other hand, the role of these peptides is still not clearly displayed. Studies on this subject might help to enlight the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection in the future

The frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy and Pompe disease in children with isolated transaminase elevation: results from the observational VICTORIA study

IntroductionElevated transaminases and/or creatine phosphokinase can indicate underlying muscle disease. Therefore, this study aims to determine the frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) in male children and Pompe disease (PD) in male and female children with isolated hypertransaminasemia.MethodsThis multi-center, prospective study enrolled patients aged 3–216 months with serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and/or aspartate transaminase (AST) levels >2× the upper limit of normal (ULN) for ≥3 months. Patients with a known history of liver or muscle disease or physical examination findings suggestive of liver disease were excluded. Patients were screened for creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, and molecular genetic tests for DMD/BMD in male patients and enzyme analysis for PD in male and female patients with elevated CPK levels were performed. Genetic analyses confirmed PD. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the patients were analyzed.ResultsOverall, 589 patients [66.8% male, mean age of 63.4 months (standard deviation: 60.5)] were included. In total, 251 patients (188 male and 63 female) had CPK levels above the ULN. Of the patients assessed, 47% (85/182) of male patients were diagnosed with DMD/BMD and 1% (3/228) of male and female patients were diagnosed with PD. The median ALT, AST, and CPK levels were statistically significantly higher, and the questioned neurological symptoms and previously unnoticed examination findings were more common in DMD/BMD patients than those without DMD/BMD or PD (p < 0.001).DiscussionQuestioning neurological symptoms, conducting a complete physical examination, and testing for CPK levels in patients with isolated hypertransaminasemia will prevent costly and time-consuming investigations for liver diseases and will lead to the diagnosis of occult neuromuscular diseases. Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT04120168

İŞTAHSIZ ÇOCUKLARDA BESLENME ÖZELLİKLERİNİN ANKET ÇALIŞMASI İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

İştahsızlık, çocukluk döneminde çok sık görülen bir semptomdur ve değerlendirilmesinde gelişim, beslenme ve aile öyküsü önemlidir

Delayed diagnosis of slipped capital femoral epiphysis in an obese adolescent boy

Obesity prevalence among children is increasing rapidly along with an increase in associated complications such as degenerative joint diseases. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is one of these complications. In this report, we describe an adolescent obese boy who had left hip pain and was diagnosed with slipped capital femoral epiphysis according to hip X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging findings. In conclusion, clinicians should be aware of slipped capital femoral epiphysis in obese adolescents suffering from hip pain