Interação entre alface e tomateiro consorciados em ambiente protegido, em diferentes épocas Interaction between lettuce and tomato plants, in intercropping cultivation, established at different times, under protected cultivation

Dois experimentos foram conduzidos na UNESP, em Jaboticabal (SP), com o objetivo de avaliar a interação entre alface e tomateiro, em ambiente protegido. Consórcios estabelecidos por transplantes da alface aos 0; 10; 20 e 30 dias após o transplante do tomateiro foram avaliados em dois períodos (abril a setembro/03 e janeiro a maio/04) e comparados às suas monoculturas, também estabelecidas nas mesmas épocas dos consórcios. Cada experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com nove tratamentos. Verificou-se que a produtividade do tomateiro e o percentual de frutos nas classes 50 e 60 não foram influenciados pela alface, independentemente da época em que esta foi transplantada. Por outro lado, a alface produziu menos em consórcio do que em monocultura, e quanto mais atrasado o seu transplante, em relação ao tomateiro, maior foi a redução em sua produtividade.<br>Two experiments were carried out in Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brazil, to evaluate the interaction between lettuce and tomato, in intercropping, in a protected cultivation. Lettuce plants were transplanted into a tomato field at 0; 10; 20, and 30 days after tomato transplantation. These evaluations were performed from April to September 2003 and from January to June 2004. Both, lettuce and tomato crops, were also cultivated in monoculture in order to compare this system and the intercropping one. Each experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with nine treatments. Both tomato yield and fruit classification into grades were not influenced by lettuce crop independently of the transplantation time. On the other hand, lettuce, when intercropped, yielded lesser than when cultivated in sole crop and the yield decreased with the delaying transplanting date

A cluster-analytic approach towards multidimensional health-related behaviors in adolescents: the MoMo-Study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although knowledge on single health-related behaviors and their association with health parameters is available, research on multiple health-related behaviors is needed to understand the interactions among these behaviors. The aims of the study were (a) to identify typical health-related behavior patterns in German adolescents focusing on physical activity, media use and dietary behavior; (b) to describe the socio-demographic correlates of the identified clusters and (c) to study their association with overweight.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Within the framework of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) and the “Motorik-Modul” (MoMo), 1,643 German adolescents (11–17 years) completed a questionnaire assessing the amount and type of weekly physical activity in sports clubs and during leisure time, weekly use of television, computer and console games and the frequency and amount of food consumption. From this data the three indices ‘physical activity’, ‘media use’ and ‘healthy nutrition’ were derived and included in a cluster analysis conducted with Ward’s Method and K-means analysis. Chi-square tests were performed to identify socio-demographic correlates of the clusters as well as their association with overweight.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Four stable clusters representing typical health-related behavior patterns were identified: Cluster 1 (16.2%)—high scores in physical activity index and average scores in media use index and healthy nutrition index; cluster 2 (34.6%)—high healthy nutrition score and below average scores in the other two indices; cluster 3 (18.4%)—low physical activity score, low healthy nutrition score and very high media use score; cluster 4 (30.5%)—below average scores on all three indices. Boys were overrepresented in the clusters 1 and 3, and the relative number of adolescents with low socio-economic status as well as overweight was significantly higher than average in cluster 3.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Meaningful and stable clusters of health-related behavior were identified. These results confirm findings of another youth study hence supporting the assumption that these clusters represent typical behavior patterns of adolescents. These results are particularly relevant for the characterization of target groups for primary prevention of lifestyle diseases.</p

Treatment and survival of rectal cancer patients over the age of 80 years: a EURECCA international comparison

Surgical oncolog