Signification actuelle de la frontière : une interprétation géopolitique à partir du cas de l'Amazonie brésilienne

A partir du débat sur l'Amazonie aujourd'hui en cours au Brésil, et de recherches directement effectuées dans ses régions orientale et méridionale, un nouveau concept géopolitique de la frontière est proposé. L'Etat et la haute technologie sont les déterminants historiques de la production de la frontière, espace en cours d'incorporation à l'espace global fragmenté, partiellement structuré et doté d'un grand potentiel politique. Les conditions actuelles de la production de la frontière sont principalement : l'appropriation monopoliste de l'espace par diverses fractions du capital ; la mobilité de la force de travail ; les réseaux d'organisation de l'espace et la formation de régions, comprises comme pouvoir local. La résistance des petits producteurs vise la conquête d'un espace propre, s'effectue sous forme de conflits du quotidien et joue un rôle fondamental dans l'orientation du processus de la production de l'espace. (Résumé d'auteur

A Implantação da Rodovia Belém-Brasília e o Desenvolvimento Regional

This paper tries to evaluate regional development under the impact of Belem-Brasilia Road. According to a tipology of spatial development based on the analyses of regional devepment profile, the area was classified as a resource frontier under slow growth. The road's major positive effect was in the urbanization process, favoring regional centers located at both ends of the artery. Possibilities of higher family incomes are offered only to the poor rural migrants from the northeast region.This paper tries to evaluate regional development under the impact ofBelem-Brasília Poad. According to a tipology of spatial development basedon the analyses of regional devepment profile, the area was classified asa resource frontier under slow growth. The road's major positive effect wasin the urbanization process, favoring regional centers located at both endsof the artery. Possibilities of higher family incomes are offered only to thepoor rural migrants from the northeast region

A Amazônia como um território estratégico e os desafios às políticas públicas

Bibliografia: p. 401Novas territorialidades vêm emergindo, e a elaboração de políticas públicas nessa conjuntura exige que se aprofunde o conhecimento sobre o processo de transformação territorial da Amazônia. O presente artigo apresenta dois vetores de transformação regional relacionados às demandas de diferentes atores sociais: o vetor tecnoindustrial (VTI), que reúne projetos interessados na mobilização de recursos naturais (sobretudo minérios e madeira) e de negócios vinculados a segmentos das Forças Armadas; e o vetor tecnoecológico (VTE), que envolve projetos preservacionistas e projetos conservacionistas interessados no mundo natural tanto como estoque de vida quanto como reserva de valor. Existem incertezas quanto aos resultados das mudanças em curso, porém é certo que as novas territorialidades têm de ser reconhecidas como um componente a ser fortalecido para o desenvolvimento regional sustentável, uma vez que grande parte do território amazônico ainda permanece à margem do circuito produtivo nacional.New territorial protection has arisen, and designing public policy within this context requires furthering knowledge on territorial transformation in the Amazon. This article presents two lines of regional change related to demands from different social players: the techno-industrial approach (TIA), which brings together projects aimed at mobilizing natural resources (above all minerals and timber) and businesses linked to sectors of the Armed Forces; as well as the techno-ecological approach (TEA), which involves preservation and conservation projects focused on the natural world both as an accumulation of life and a reserve of value. There are uncertainties regarding the results of the changes occurring; however, it is certain that new territorial protection must be acknowledged as a component that should be strengthened for sustainable regional development, due to the fact that a large part of the Amazon is still outside the national production circuit

Geopolítica da Amazônia

INTENSE STRUCTURAL changes have occurred in the Amazon region. New actors have a determinant role: organized civil society, provincial governments and international cooperation. Changes are perceived according to different interests at the global, national and regional scales, resulting in conflicts that turn it difficult to implement public policies. Today, the Amazon is not a mere frontier, but a region by itself, that demands a development consolidation policy. Strategies to attain this goal are: institutional enforcement, S/T&I and regionalization.PROFUNDAS MUDANÇAS estruturais ocorreram na Amazônia onde novos atores tem hoje papel decisivo: a sociedade civil organizada, os governos estaduais e a cooperação internacional. Tais mudanças são percebidas segundo diversos interesses dominantes na escala global, nacional e regional, gerando conflitos que dificultam a implementação de políticas públicas adequadas. A Amazônia é hoje uma região em si, que demanda uma política de consolidação do desenvolvimento. Fortalecimento institucional, C/T&I e regionalização são estratégias sugeridas para esse fim

The Making of a Productivity Hotspot in the Coastal Ocean

Highly productive hotspots in the ocean often occur where complex physical forcing mechanisms lead to aggregation of primary and secondary producers. Understanding how hotspots persist, however, requires combining knowledge of the spatio-temporal linkages between geomorphology, physical forcing, and biological responses with the physiological requirements and movement of top predators.) off the Baja California peninsula, Mexico.We have identified the set of conditions that lead to a persistent top predator hotspot, which increases our understanding of how highly migratory species exploit productive regions of the ocean. These results will aid in the development of spatially and environmentally explicit management strategies for marine species of conservation concern