Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida de painéis produzidos a partir de resíduos da cana-de-açúcar

A Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) é uma ferramenta cada vez mais importante nos processos de tomadas de decisão em empresas do mundo todo e, sua aplicação no setor da construção também apresenta uma série de benefícios, como a possibilidade de melhorias ambientais e econômicas nos produtos. Assim, o que será apresentado neste trabalho, é justamente a aplicação desta ferramenta nos painéis de vedação habitacional compostos de bagaço da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp) que vêm sendo desenvolvidos pela Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Bauru. O estudo foi desenvolvido com base nas orientações metodológicas da série de Normas NBR ISO 14040 (2009), a unidade funcional adotada foi o m² dos painéis e, para a avaliação dos impactos foi empregado o método EDIP. De acordo com os resultados, a ACV possibilitou caracterizar os principais impactos ambientais decorrentes da produção destes painéis para uso habitacional, relacionados ao consumo de recursos, energia e emissão de poluentes. Além disso, a ACV também foi de grande valia na identificação dos pontos positivos e negativos do sistema de produto, possibilitando operar melhorias no processo produtivo dos painéis.Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an increasingly important tool in the decision processes of many companies worldwide, and its application in the construction sector also presents benefits, such as the possibility of developing environmental and economic improvements to the products. Thus that, what will be presented in this paper, is the application of this tool in residential panels composed of bagasse from sugar cane (Saccharum spp), which are being developed by the Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Bauru. The study was developed based on the methodological guidelines of the standards series ISO 14040 (2009), the functional unit was the panels square meters and for the impact assessment the EDIP method was employed. According to the results, the LCA has enabled characterization of the main environmental impacts from the production of panels for residential use, related to resource consumption, energy and emissions. Furthermore, the LCA was also valuable in identifying strengths and weaknesses of the product system, allowing operating improvements in the productive process of the panels

Avaliação acústica das chapas de partículas produzidas com bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e folha caulinar de bambu

O escopo dessa pesquisa é aproveitar o bagaço da cana-de-açúcar proveniente do processo industrial de beneficiamento do açúcar e do álcool das usinas do estado de São Paulo-Brasil, cujo tema é a gestão de resíduos agroindustriais, utilizando-se desse resíduo em conjunto com as folhas caulinares do bambu na fabricação de chapas de partículas. Essas chapas podem ser empregadas em forros e revestimentos de paredes e móveis como alternativa à utilização da madeira, pois o bagaço tem em sua composição a celulose e a hemicelulose, que estão presentes em cerca de 70% da composição dos resíduos agrícolas, podendo assim, substituir a madeira em alguns casos, como por exemplo, nas chapas de aglomerado. Confeccionados em forma de blocos (ou tijolos) nos traços 100%, 75%, 50%, 40%, 25% e 0% de cana, estes tiveram seu desempenho acústico avaliado por meio do ensaio de condutividade acústica, que consiste em medir o isolamento sonoro que os blocos absorvem.The scope of this research is centered in the reuse of the sugarcane bagasse produced from the industrial processing of sugar and ethanol from the mills in Sao Paulo state, Brazil. It is analyzed the use of this abundant industrial residue, mixed with bamboo leaves steam in the manufacturing of particleboards. These plates can be eventually used in ceilings and wall coverings, or in furniture, as an alternative to the use of wood. The sugarcane bagasse residue has in its composition cellulose and hemicelluloses. In fact, these components represent 70% of the agricultural residues composition. In many applications, the studied product may be able to replace the wood, for instance, in the particleboards. Acoustic conductivity tests were made in the prisms produced with 100%, 75%, 50%, 40%, 25% and 0% of sugar cane incorporation. The results, in terms of noise insulation are compared with reference values for other materials

Caracterização física das chapas de partículas com os rejeitos oriundos da cana-de-açúcar e das folhas de bambu

A problemática do descarte correto dos resíduos sólidos gerados nos diferentes processos industriais faz parte das questões ambientais discutidas na atualidade. Nesse sentido, este trabalho visa estabelecer uma nova alternativa na disposição final de dois rejeitos por meio da produção compósitos para chapas de partículas e, a avaliação das propriedades físicas. O enfoque foi dado à reutilização do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar, originário do processamento da Saccharum officinarum, resíduo oriundo da usina Paraíso Bioenergia, produtora de açúcar e álcool, localizada no município de Torrinha-SP; além das folhas caulinares do bambu da espécie Dendrocalamus giganteus. Para tanto, foram produzidas chapas em seis diferentes tratamentos – 100%, 75%, 50%, 40%, 25% e 0% de bagaço de cana, em relação à massa total dos compósitos, sendo completadas com as folhas de bambu trituradas. Tais chapas foram produzidas e distinguidas por meio de ensaios normalizados da norma NBR 14.810-3 (2002), nas quais foram determinados os coeficientes de teor de umidade (variação de 8,8% a 11,94%) e, absorção (56,3% a 71,3%) e massa específica (0,69 g/cm3 a 0,74 g/cm3).In present days, the disposition of solid residues generated in industrial processes is one of the most important environment questions. In this context, the aim of this work is to establish an alternative to employ these residues, producing particleboards, and evaluation of physical property. The mean focus of the word is reusing: sugar cane bagasse, from processing Saccharum officinarum in Paraíso Bioenergia plant (Torrinha, SP), that produces sugar and ethanol; and caulinar leaves of bamboo Dendrocalamus giganteus. Particleboards were produced in six different insume fractions: 100%, 75%, 50%, 40%, 25% e 0% (sugar cane bagasse) related to total composite mass, completed with bamboo caulinar leaves. The panels were evaluated using normative recommendations from NBR14810-3 (2002) to determine moisture content (ranging from 8.8 % to 11.9%), water absorption (56,3 % to 71,3 %), and density (0,69 g/cm3 to 0,74g/cm3

Polystyrene cellulose fiber composites: effect of the processing conditions on mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties

ABSTRACT The usage of natural fibers on the composites development has grown rapidly in the recent years due to the fibers plentiful availability, renewable source, low density and biodegradability. However, there are some drawbacks, for instance, the fiber dispersion on a polyolefin matrix. In this work, the influence of processing speed on the mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of polystyrene (PS) filled with cellulose fiber composites was investigated. The composites were processed on a twin-screw co-rotating extruder, using screw speeds of 200 rpm, 400 rpm and 600 rpm. The dynamic mechanical properties and the mechanical properties were investigated as a function of fiber content. The composites processed on a screw speed of 400 rpm had presented an increase on flexural and impact strength, compared to the composites processed at 200 rpm. The flexural and storage modulus had increased when increasing the fiber content, as well as increasing the processing speed. The greater fiber dispersion obtained at a screw speed of 400 rpm hinders the agglomeration arrangement and distributes the fibers more equally on the matrix. The increase on processing speed probably generates a fiber size reduction, increasing the fiber superficial area and generating a greater contact with the matrix as well. Therefore, the efforts transference of matrix to fibers is improved, originating an increase on the evaluated properties

Sustainable Human Development at the Municipal Level: A Data Envelopment Analysis Index

The development of indexes for human development and environmental sustainability issues are an emerging topic in the current literature. However, the literature has put less emphasis on municipal indexes, which is the focus of this research. In this paper, we considered municipal environmental management as the adoption of environmental activities and the development of infrastructural and technical capacities in municipalities. This article aims to create a sustainable human development index with municipal data from the state of São Paulo in Brazil. Using information from the Municipal Human Development Index (IDHm) and the GreenBlue Municipal Program (PMVA), we applied the data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique to connect human development and environmental sustainability in 645 Brazilian municipalities. Our findings show that regions with higher human development present better DEA scores on the Sustainable Human Development Index. In contrast, regions with a low or a middle level of human development do not present significant change considering both dimensions. Moreover, our findings reveal that PMVA certification has a different and statistically significant impact on the DEA score considering certified, qualified, or not qualified regions. We found similar results for urbanized and service-oriented municipalities. Our indicator is an essential and straightforward tool for regional policymakers, helping to allocate resources and to find human development and environmental sustainability benchmarks among developing regions

Sustainable Human Development at the Municipal Level: A Data Envelopment Analysis Index

The development of indexes for human development and environmental sustainability issues are an emerging topic in the current literature. However, the literature has put less emphasis on municipal indexes, which is the focus of this research. In this paper, we considered municipal environmental management as the adoption of environmental activities and the development of infrastructural and technical capacities in municipalities. This article aims to create a sustainable human development index with municipal data from the state of São Paulo in Brazil. Using information from the Municipal Human Development Index (IDHm) and the GreenBlue Municipal Program (PMVA), we applied the data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique to connect human development and environmental sustainability in 645 Brazilian municipalities. Our findings show that regions with higher human development present better DEA scores on the Sustainable Human Development Index. In contrast, regions with a low or a middle level of human development do not present significant change considering both dimensions. Moreover, our findings reveal that PMVA certification has a different and statistically significant impact on the DEA score considering certified, qualified, or not qualified regions. We found similar results for urbanized and service-oriented municipalities. Our indicator is an essential and straightforward tool for regional policymakers, helping to allocate resources and to find human development and environmental sustainability benchmarks among developing regions