27 research outputs found
The Vitamin B1 Metabolism of Staphylococcus aureus Is Controlled at Enzymatic and Transcriptional Levels
Vitamin B1 is in its active form thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), an essential cofactor for several key enzymes in the carbohydrate metabolism. Mammals must salvage this crucial nutrient from their diet in order to complement the deficiency of de novo synthesis. In the human pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, two operons were identified which are involved in vitamin B1 metabolism. The first operon encodes for the thiaminase type II (TenA), 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine kinase (ThiD), 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole kinase (ThiM) and thiamine phosphate synthase (ThiE). The second operon encodes a phosphatase, an epimerase and the thiamine pyrophosphokinase (TPK). The open reading frames of the individual operons were cloned, their corresponding proteins were recombinantly expressed and biochemically analysed. The kinetic properties of the enzymes as well as the binding of TPP to the in vitro transcribed RNA of the proposed operons suggest that the vitamin B1 homeostasis in S. aureus is strongly regulated at transcriptional as well as enzymatic levels
Les effets pervers de la politique incitative : l’exemple de l’assurance maladie complémentaire
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Établir des priorités en soins de santé. Comment passer des besoins vitaux aux taux de remboursement?
Choisir est consubstantiel à l’existence humaine, mais dans le cadre de biens collectifs comme les soins de santé, dans le cadre de budgets forcément limités et objet de réduction, choisir devient un devoir éthique. Nous proposons une approche susceptible d’être féconde dans la détermination du « paquet de soins ». Cette approche est fondée sur le concept de « besoin vital » qui doit être rencontré afin d’éviter un « endommagement grave » qui altère la capacité d’agent de la personne. Nous formulons ensuite une critique de la plupart des variables focales, qui déterminent chacune une forme d’égalitarisme, avant de considérer quelques questions éthiques liées à la fixation de priorités en santé. La prise en considération des préférences de la population apparaît comme un élément incontournable à la légitimation des décisions. Elle peut s’avérer féconde si elle bénéficie d’une forme de care que nous qualifions d’informationnel
Distribution of Dinophysis species in the Bay of Biscay and possible transportpathways to Arcachon Bay
International audienceDinophysis is the most harmful toxic phytoplankton on the French coast in terms of its impact on local economyand public health. In Arcachon Bay, Dinophysis spp. have periodically affected shellfish industry for thelast ten years; the most important events are analysed in detail in this paper. Regular monitoring revealedthat these events originated outside Arcachon Bay in the open ocean. Data from 14 surveys and two coastalnetworks showed that Dinophysis was primarily found in the vicinity of Capbreton, 100 km south of themouth of Arcachon Bay. The Dinophysis distribution on the continental shelfwas determined during two surveysin 2005 and 2008: the highest concentrationswere located along the coast and reached 18000 cells.L−1. Analysisof available current data revealed that strong westerlies lead to northward currents of up to 19 cm.s−1. Thesemarinemeteorological conditionswere frequently observed just prior to Dinophysis events and lead us to suggestthat northward currents transport Dinophysis from the Capbreton area to Arcachon Bay
Transformações dos sistemas de saúde na era da financeirização. Lições da França e do Brasil
Cooking with Bimby in a moment of recruitment:Exploring conventions and practice perspectives
Every two minutes, one Bimby is sold somewhere in the world. This multi-food processor
(also known as Thermomix) has gained wide sales success in many southern European
countries and promises to revolutionize the way people cook, learn about cooking, coordinate
and plan food practices at home. In a period where debates about cooking skills are
paradoxical; some voices concerned with deskilling, while others enhance the visibility of
cooking education in the media, this domestic technology is heralded as a ‘magic’ gadget
that turns dreadful cooks into notable ‘chefs’. This processor cannot be purchased in
shops; it is being directly sold by salespersons that make a demonstration in future clients’
houses. These are usually social events where the host invites friends and family for a free
meal swiftly produced by Bimby under the demonstrator’s supervision. Demonstrators
can be seen as cultural intermediaries both marketing the product and conveying normative
and symbolic messages about cooking, and also instructing on technology use. The
event mixes economic, social and cultural elements, and offers a good illustration of the
cultural economy workings operating in it. Based upon a case study of a demonstration –
seen as a moment of recruitment of new cooking practitioners – the article examines
issues around cooking competence informed by theories of practice (Shove and Pantzar,
2005; Shove et al., 2007) and conventions theory (Boltanski and The´venot, 2006 [1991];
The´venot, 2006). It is suggested that bringing a conventions together with a practice
perspective offers up the possibility of developing a distinctly sociological account to
analyse cooking competences in particular, and practices more generally