Desigualdades de renda na saúde bucal e no acesso aos serviços odontológicos na população Brasileira : pesquisa nacional de saúde, 2013

Despite the improvement in oral health conditions observed in the Brazilian population, there are still high social inequalities that must be monitored. To evaluate income inequality in oral hygiene practices, oral health status and the use of dental services in the adult and senior Brazilian population. Data from the National Health Survey conducted in 2013 (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde – PNS 2013) were used for the population aged 18 years old or older. Inequalities were found among the income strata in most of the oral health indicators evaluated. The greatest inequalities were observed in the use of dental floss, in hygiene practices (PR = 2.85 in adults and PR = 2.45 in seniors), and in total tooth loss (PR = 6.74 in adults and PR = 2.24 in seniors) and difficulty in chewing (PR = 4.49 in adults and PR = 2.67 in seniors) among oral condition indicators. The magnitude of inequalities was high in both groups in most oral condition indicators. Income was a factor that persisted in limiting access to dental services, and even the lower income segments had high percentages that paid for dental consultations. Based on data from the first PNS, the findings of this study enabled the identification of oral health and dental care aspects more compromised by income differentials, thus, contributing to the planning of dental care in Brazil and to stimulate the monitoring of these disparities with data from future surveys222CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ817122/2015Apesar da melhora das condições de saúde bucal constatada na população brasileira, persistem elevadas desigualdades sociais que precisam ser monitoradas. Avaliar a desigualdade de renda nas práticas de higiene bucal, nas condições bucais e no uso de serviços odontológicos na população brasileira de adultos e idosos. Foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde realizada em 2013 (PNS 2013) referentes à população de 18 anos ou mais. Detectaram-se desigualdades entre os estratos de renda na maioria dos indicadores de saúde bucal avaliados. As desigualdades de maior magnitude foram verificadas no uso de fio dental, nas práticas de higiene (RP = 2,85 nos adultos e RP = 2,45 nos idosos), e na perda de todos os dentes (RP = 6,74 nos adultos e RP = 2,24 nos idosos) e dificuldade de mastigar (RP = 4,49 nos adultos e RP = 2,67 nos idosos) entre os indicadores de condições bucais. Na maioria dos indicadores de condições bucais a magnitude das desigualdades foi elevada em ambos os grupos. A renda mostrou-se um fator que persiste limitando o acesso aos serviços odontológicos e, mesmo os segmentos de menor renda apresentaram elevados percentuais que pagam por consulta odontológica. Por meio dos dados da primeira PNS, os achados do estudo permitiram identificar aspectos de saúde e de atenção bucais mais comprometidos pelos diferenciais de renda, podendo, nesse sentido, contribuir para o planejamento da assistência odontológica no país e para estimular o monitoramento destas disparidades com dados das próximas pesquisa

Assessment of the stability of LTA zeolites under natural gas drying TSA conditions.

The main features in cationic LTA zeolites that are likely to impact its potential hydrothermal stability are interconnected. The Al content and the compensating cation play an important role in the water adsorption but their influence on the zeolite performance in thermal cycles is yet to be understood. In this study, four LTA zeolite samples were synthetized with distinct Si/Al ratios in sodium and potassium forms. They underwent a Premature Aging Protocol (PAP) that took into account the operating conditions typically found in temperature swing adsorption processes. The Si/Al ratio per se did not impact in the crystallinity upon aging, but the presence of a high amount of potassium cations (Si/Al = 1) led to the amorphization of the zeolite structure. The results from XPS and NMR techniques indicate the Al migration from the outer surface to the inner cages occurs upon aging. Chemical analysis by XRF and ICP-OES associated with 27Al NMR analysis reveal that the presence of EFAl is particularly significant in the sample with the largest Si/Al ratio (5) and is correlated to a much larger C deposition upon aging. TG/DTG and TPD-NH3 experiments suggest that acid sites in the zeolite structures act as a double-edged sword, by enhancing water adsorption while also leading to carbon accumulation. CO2 isotherms at 0 ºC reveal the reduction of the microporosity after aging, whereas the Al content is proportional to the water adsorption uptake, particularly at low pressures (below 10 mbar). The material with an intermediate Si/Al ratio and in Na-form (LTAc-SiAl2-Na) combines excellent hydrothermal stability with a high-water affinity and uptake.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU

Inhibition of de novo lipogenesis targets androgen receptor signaling in castration-resistant prostate cancer

A hallmark of prostate cancer progression is dysregulation of lipid metabolism via overexpression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key enzyme in de novo fatty acid synthesis. Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) develops resistance to inhibitors of androgen receptor (AR) signaling through a variety of mechanisms, including the emergence of the constitutively active AR variant V7 (AR-V7). Here, we developed an FASN inhibitor (IPI-9119) and demonstrated that selective FASN inhibition antagonizes CRPC growth through metabolic reprogramming and results in reduced protein expression and transcriptional activity of both full-length AR (AR-FL) and AR-V7. Activation of the reticulum endoplasmic stress response resulting in reduced protein synthesis was involved in IPI-9119-mediated inhibition of the AR pathway. In vivo, IPI-9119 reduced growth of AR-V7-driven CRPC xenografts and human mCRPC-derived organoids and enhanced the efficacy of enzalutamide in CRPC cells. In human mCRPC, both FASN and AR-FL were detected in 87% of metastases. AR-V7 was found in 39% of bone metastases and consistently coexpressed with FASN. In patients treated with enzalutamide and/or abiraterone FASN/AR-V7 double-positive metastases were found in 77% of cases. These findings provide a compelling rationale for the use of FASN inhibitors in mCRPCs, including those overexpressing AR-V7.Giorgia Zadra, Caroline F. Ribeiro, Paolo Chetta, Yeung Ho, Stefano Cacciatore ... Lisa M. Butler ... et al

Estaquia de Cuphea calophylla subsp. mesostemon (Koehne) Lourteig (Lythraceae)

As informações a respeito da propagação de Cuphea calophylla subsp. mesostemon (Koehne) Lourteig (Lythraceae) são escassas. As técnicas de propagação podem subsidiar o manejo, fornecendo alternativa para produtores de plantas medicinais e evitando a coleta indiscriminada. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o efeito de diferentes tipos de estaca, tamanhos e área foliar no enraizamento de estacas semilenhosas. As estacas foram obtidas a partir de plantas espontâneas coletadas na Estação Experimental do Canguiri da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), localizada em Pinhais - PR. Os experimentos com estaquia foram conduzidos em casa-de-vegetação. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições e 24 estacas por parcela, para todos os experimentos. As estacas obtidas de ramos vegetativos apresentaram maior porcentagem de brotação e massa seca de raízes por estaca em relação àquelas obtidas de ramos reprodutivos, especialmente, as estacas obtidas da parte basal dos ramos vegetativos. As estacas preparadas com 10 e 15 cm de comprimento apresentaram maior número de brotos e maior massa seca de raízes por estaca, em relação às preparadas com 5 cm. As estacas com 3 e 4 pares de folhas apresentaram maior altura, incremento de altura, massa seca de raízes e de brotos por estaca, em relação aos tratamentos com 1 e 2 pares de folhas. Os resultados de propagação vegetativa apontam a estaquia como uma técnica viável para a multiplicação da espécie.Information about the propagation of Cuphea calophylla subsp. mesostemon (Koehne) Lourteig (Lythraceae) is scarce. Propagation techniques may support its management, providing an alternative for medicinal plant producers and avoiding indiscriminate harvests. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different types, sizes and leaf areas of semi-woody cuttings on their rooting. Cuttings were obtained from weeds harvested at the Canguiri Experimental Station of the Paraná Federal University (UFPR), Pinhais Municipality, Paraná State, Brazil. Experiments were carried out in a greenhouse. Experimental design was completely randomized, with five replicates and 24 cuttings per plot. Cuttings obtained from vegetative branches had higher sprouting percentage and root dry matter per cutting relative to those obtained from reproductive branches, especially cuttings obtained from the basal region of vegetative branches. Cuttings prepared with 10 and 15 cm length had larger number of sprouts and higher root dry matter per cutting relative to those prepared with 5 cm. Cuttings presenting 3 and 4 leaf pairs had greater height, increase in height, and root and sprout dry matter per cutting relative to those presenting 1 and 2 leaf pairs. The results regarding vegetative propagation indicate cutting as a viable technique for the multiplication of this species