PRODUCCIÓN

GUÍA DE EVALUACIÓN DEL APRENDIZAJ

SEPARACIONES MECÁNICAS

GUÍA DE EVALUACIÓN DEL APRENDIZAJ

INGENIERÍA DE PROCESOS

GUÍA PEDAGÓGIC

Storage stability and physicochemical properties of passion fruit juice microcapsules by spray-drying

The aim of this work was to microencapsulate passion fruit juice (PFJ) by spray-drying in two dierent biopolymers blends: Gum Arabic-mesquite gum-maltodextrin DE-10 (GA17-MG66-MD17 and GA17-MG-17-MD66), yielding the microcapsules MGA17-MG66-MD17 and MGA17-MG17-MD66. The spray-dried passion fruit microcapsules were analyzed for physicochemical properties (moisture content, water activity, powder particle size), quality properties (hygroscopicity, dispersibility, rehydration time), and reconstituted product properties (total color change and vitamin C retention). The minimum integral entropy of the microcapsules was determined at 25, 35, and 40 °C, and the resulting water activities (aW) were 0.447, 0.505, 0.629 for MGA17-MG66-MD17 and 0.383, 0.414, 0.605 for MGA17-MG17-MD66, respectively. These temperatures-aW sets were considered as the most adequate conditions for achieving maximum storage stability of the microcapsules. The best vitamin C retention level occurred at 25 °C, aW = 0.447 for MGA17-MG66-MD17, and at 25 °C, aW = 0.383 for MGA17-MG17-MD66

Encapsulación por gelación iónica de aceite de sésamo con mezclas de alginato de sodio-mucílago de nopal: Eficiencia de encapsulación y estabilidad oxidativa

This study provides a new way for preventing the oxidation of sesame oil by ionic gelation method, where SO can be encapsulated in sodium alginate-nopal mucilage hydrogel beads as wall material. The SA-NM hydrogel beads had heterogeneous surface morphologies, where el NM acted as structural support and controlling fractures in the beads after drying process, making the gel matrix more flexible. SA-NM hydrogel beads after the drying process leads to an irregular spherical shape that the SA beads. SA-NM hydrogel beads is characterized by high yield (>83.34%) and encapsulation efficiency (> 75.44%), and limited surface oil ( 75.44%) than SA beads (63.48%), and provided better protection to SO against oxidation during storage than the SA beads and free SO oil. Oxidation kinetics were of zero-order in all cases. The release kinetics of SO was diffusion controlled and was significantly slower for SA-NM than for SA beads. Our results indicate that SA-NM mixtures may be considered as potential additives for food industry applications.The authors wish to acknowledge the partial financial support of this research to the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México through grant 4738/2019/CI

Interrelationship between the structural features and rehydration properties of spray dried manzano chilli sauce microcapsules

Manzano chilli sauce microcapsules (MCHS) were obtained by spray drying using Gum Arabic (GA100%), whey protein concentrate (WPC100%) and a blend of these biopolymers (GA50%-WPC50%) as wall materials in 2:1 and 4:1 wall to core material ratios (WCMR). Water vapor adsorption isotherms data of microcapsules were obtained at 35 °C and fitted to GAB's model. The monolayer water content values of the microcapsules varied from 9.97 to 14.32 kg H2O/100 kg dry solids, and were used for determining the surface fractal dimension (Ds). Ds values ranged between 2.04 to 2.30 for the 2:1 WCMR and 2.17 to 2.43 for the 4:1 WCMR, respectively. Microcapsules topology was determined by Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM). Microcapsules with WPC100% exhibited smoother and more regular shaped topology than those with GA100% which tended to exhibit surface flaws and dents, while those made with the biopolymers blend exhibited an intermediate morphology. Rehydration times of the microcapsules were function of water activity (aw) and WCMR. The higher the WCMR, the higher the rehydration time required

Actions for the confirmation of the continuous improvement plan for the Educational Program in Chemical Engineering at UAEMéx

The strategic plan for continuous improvement, through analysis, informs whichever adjustment that should be carried out in the monitoring and contrast by academic year, integrating and monitoring the performance indicators. In this way, the performance of graduates in society can be identified qualitatively and quantitatively as a function of the performance of different processes that impact the training of the student. Additionally, it guarantees to interested groups that the educational program of the Chemical Engineering Degree, and its curricular committee, add value to their graduated students, whose social responsibility impacts societyThe objective of this work was to reflect on the responsibility that the educational program in Chemical Engineering at UAEMex has in translating its intentions into actions, as well as establishing an organised process for continuous planning and systemic evaluation which is reflected in a continuous improvement plan. This process entails the inclusion of tools that permit the evaluation or self-evaluation of the measurements and forms in which the educational program is improving its actions in achieving the criteria established by the acreditory organisation Consejo de Acreditación de la Enseñanza de la Ingeniería (CACEI) (Accreditation Board for the Teaching of Engineering) in their Marco de Referencia (Frame of Reference) 2018 in the international contex

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit