Datenalmanach Studierendensurvey 1983-2007 nach Geschlecht: Studiensituation und Studierende an Universitäten und Fachhochschulen

"Die Erhebung über die 'Studiensituation und studentische Orientierungen' wurde erstmals im WS 1982/83 durchgeführt, beauftragt und gefördert vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung. Seitdem werden alle zwei bis drei Jahre Studierende an Universitäten und Fachhochschulen befragt. Sie bearbeiten jeweils einen umfangreichen, weitgehend standardisierten und gleich gehaltenen Fragebogen zu ihrer Studiensituation, ihren Studienstrategien und Studienerfahrungen sowie ihren Orientierungen gegenüber Hochschule, Beruf, Politik und gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungen. Es wird ein Datenalmanach vorgelegt, in dem die Befunde für die gleiche Zeitreihe von 1983 bis 2007 nach dem Geschlecht der Studierenden unterteilt sind." (Textauszug). Gliederung: 1. Soziales Profil und soziale Herkunft (1.1 Demographische Angaben; 1.2 Fächergruppen und Semesterzahl; 1.3 Soziale Herkunft). 2. Hochschulzugang und Studienmotive (2.1 Übergang von der Schule zur Hochschule; 2.2 Erwartungen an das Studium; 2.3 Wahl des Studienfaches). 3. Anforderungen und Schwierigkeiten (3.1 Charakterisierung der Studienfachsituation; 3.2 Beurteilung der Anforderungen im Fachstudium; 3.3 Verwendung des Internet; 3.4. Schwierigkeiten und Beeinträchtigungen). 4. Studienstrategien und Studienverlauf (4.1 Studienstrategien: persönlicher und beruflicher Nutzen; 4.2 Bisheriger Studienweg; 4.3 Planung des weiteren Studienverlaufs; 4.4 Promotion; 4.5 Abschluss und Studiendauer). 5. Studienleistungen und Studienerfolg (5.1 Haltung gegenüber Leistung, Lernen, Prüfungen; 5.2 Studieraufwand und Studienbedingungen; 5.3 Weiterbildung und Qualifizierung; 5.4 Studienleistungen und Studienbewältigung). 6. Lehrsituation und Studienqualität (6.1 Lehrsituation und Lehrveranstaltungen; 6.2 Bilanz zur Studienqualität; 6.3 Studienertrag: Förderung im Studium). 7. Kontakte und studentische Beteiligung (7.1 Kontakte und Anonymität; 7.2 Informationsstand; 7.3. Studentische Politik und Handlungsformen; 7.4 Studentische Politik und Handlungsformen). 8. Studentische Lebensformen und soziale Situation (8.1 Wichtigkeit von Lebensbereichen; 8.2 Finanzierung und Erwerbstätigkeit; 8.3 Belastungen und Identifizierung). 9. Berufliche Werte und Berufsaussichten (9.1 Berufliche Wertorientierungen; 9.2 Angestrebte Tätigkeitsbereiche; 9.3 Berufsaussichten und Aufstiegschancen; 9.4 Reaktionen bei Arbeitsmarktschwierigkeiten). 10. Politische Vorstellungen und Partizipation (10.1 Interesse und demokratische Einstellungen; 10.2 Grundrichtungen und politische Ziele; 10.3 Gesellschaftliche Vorstellungen und Haltungen). 11. Wünsche und Forderungen (11.1 Wünsche zur Verbesserung der Studiensituation; 11.2 Nutzung neuer Studierformen; 11.3 Konzepte zur Hochschulentwicklung). 12. Aktuell: Gestaltung des Europäischen Hochschulraumes (12.1 Wichtigkeit von Elementen; 12.2 Verwirklichung von Elementen des Europäischen Hochschulraumes; 12.3 Neue Studienstrukturen und Bachelor; 12.4 Bisherige und geplante Auslandsaktivitäten)

Functional Analysis of the Arlequin Mutant Corroborates the Essential Role of the ARLEQUIN/TAGL1 Gene during Reproductive Development of Tomato

Reproductive development of higher plants comprises successive events of organ differentiation and growth which finally lead to the formation of a mature fruit. However, most of the genetic and molecular mechanisms which coordinate such developmental events are yet to be identified and characterized. Arlequin (Alq), a semi-dominant T-DNA tomato mutant showed developmental changes affecting flower and fruit ripening. Sepals were converted into fleshy organs which ripened as normal fruit organs and fruits displayed altered ripening features. Molecular characterization of the tagged gene demonstrated that it corresponded to the previously reported TOMATO AGAMOUS-LIKE 1 (TAGL1) gene, the tomato ortholog of SHATTERPROOF MADS-box genes of Arabidopsis thaliana, and that the Alq mutation promoted a gain-of-function phenotype caused by the ectopic expression of TAGL1. Ectopic overexpression of TAGL1 resulted in homeotic alterations affecting floral organ identity that were similar to but stronger than those observed in Alq mutant plants. Interestingly, TAGL1 RNAi plants yielded tomato fruits which were unable to ripen. They displayed a yellow-orange color and stiffness appearance which are in accordance with reduced lycopene and ethylene levels, respectively. Moreover, pericarp cells of TAGL1 RNAi fruits showed altered cellular and structural properties which correlated to both decreased expression of genes regulating cell division and lignin biosynthesis. Over-expression of TAGL1 is able to rescue the non-ripening phenotype of rin and nor mutants, which is mediated by the transcriptional activation of several ripening genes. Our results demonstrated that TAGL1 participates in the genetic control of flower and fruit development of tomato plants. Furthermore, gene silencing and over-expression experiments demonstrated that the fruit ripening process requires the regulatory activity of TAGL1. Therefore, TAGL1 could act as a linking factor connecting successive stages of reproductive development, from flower development to fruit maturation, allowing this complex process to be carried out successfully

Quaternary geological Mapping of Fennoscandia and Nordland : Deglaciation, Deposits, Stratigraphy and Applications

Quaternary geological mapping is performed by geological surveys in most countries. At the Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), mapping of the surficial deposits has been one of the main tasks from the establishment of the institution in 1858, in the beginning mainly as an aid for agriculture and forestry. During recent decades, society's needs for information on the Quaternary deposits has increased, particularly within the fields of environment and health, physical planning, economy and supply of natural resources. Geological mapping is not looked upon as a science by everyone, but its results have often proved to be valuable in a scientific context as the extensive database the maps represent give valuable information, useful in, e.g. the study of regional trends. Geological mapping can, however, be regarded as a journey of discovery, which is the basis for most scientific research on the development of the earth's crust and which provides a framework with which all laboratory-based research must be compatible. Much detail information is also recorded (analog or digital), for example the location of exposed sections in distant areas and details beyond the reach of aerial photo interpretation, e.g. in heavily forested areas or of objects too small to be identified on aerial photos or maps. In addition, much sedimentological and stratigraphical work has to be performed during the fieldwork in order to understand the genesis of the deposits. Creation of geological models of the areas is an important part of the mapping activity that is necessary for attainment of an understanding of the Quaternary geological history on a regional scale. What could be criticized is the fact that the many mapping geologists involved have not used, or have had the opportunity to use, the enormous data at hand to do more science and to tell the layman what the results of the geological mapping mean. This thesis is a contribution to understanding of the Quaternary geology of Central Fennoscandia with special emphasis on the Nordland area. The thesis has the following aims: A. To compile four Quaternary geological maps of Central Fennoscandia (showing surficial deposits, geomorphology and paleohydrography, ice flow indicators and stratigraphy) and a Quaternary geological map of the surficial deposits of Nordland. B. To create a link between the Quaternary geological maps, applications of the map-data and studies of Quaternary geological history (Part I). C. To present a coordinated description of the five Quaternary geological maps and compile a review of the Late Weichselian and Early Holocene deglaciation history of the mapped area (Part II). D. To identify areas for in-depth investigation of the deglaciation and to perform these studies (Part III). A. COMPILATION OF QUATERNARY GEOLOGICAL MAPS This thesis is based on the data included in five maps of Quaternary Geology (Fig. A1): 1. Quaternary Deposits of Central Fennoscandia (scale 1:1,000,000) (Fig. A2) 2. Glacial Geomorphology and Palaeohydrography of Central Fennoscandia (scale 1:1,000,000) (Fig. A3) 3. Ice-flow Indicators of Central Fennoscandia (scale 1:1,000,000) (Fig. A4) 4. Quaternary Stratigraphy of Central Fennoscandia (scale 1:2,000,000) (Fig. A4) 5. Quaternary Deposits in Nordland County (scale 1:400,000) (Fig. A5)Due to copyright enclosures 1-5 are not included in the online version of this thesis, neither is the CD-ROM referred to in page 14

Enhanced Antibacterial Activity of Se Nanoparticles Upon Coating with Recombinant Spider Silk Protein eADF4(kappa 16)

Purpose: Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) are promising antibacterial agents to tackle the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to fabricate Se NPs with a net positive charge to enhance their antibacterial efficacy. Methods: Se NPs were coated with a positively charged protein--recombinant spider silk protein eADF4([kappa] 16)--to give them a net positive surface charge. Their cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity were investigated, with negatively charged polyvinyl alcohol coated Se NPs as a control. Besides, these eADF4([kappa] 16)-coated Se NPs were immobilized on the spider silk films, and the antibacterial activity of these films was investigated. Results: Compared to the negatively charged polyvinyl alcohol coated Se NPs, the positively charged eADF4([kappa] 16)-coated Se NPs demonstrated a much higher bactericidal efficacy against the Gram-negative bacteria E. coli, with a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) approximately 50 times lower than that of negatively charged Se NPs. Cytotoxicity testing showed that the eADF4([kappa] 16)-coated Se NPs are safe to both Balb/3T3 mouse embryo fibroblasts and HaCaT human skin keratinocytes up to 31 [micro]g/mL, which is much higher than the MBC of these particles against E. coli (8 [+ or -] 1 [micro]g/mL). In addition, antibacterial coatings were created by immobilising the eADF4([kappa] 16)-coated Se NPs on positively charged spider silk films and these were shown to retain good bactericidal efficacy and overcome the issue of low particle stability in culture broth. It was found that these Se NPs needed to be released from the film surface in order to exert their antibacterial effects and this release can be regulated by the surface charge of the film, such as the change of the spider silk protein used. Conclusion: Overall, eADF4([kappa] 16)-coated Se NPs are promising new antibacterial agents against life-threatening bacteria

Adaptive classification for image segmentation and target recognition

This paper on adaptive image segmentation and classification describes research activities on statistical pattern recognition in combination with methods of object recognition by geometric matching of model and image structures. In addition, aspects of sensor fusion for airborne application systems like terminal missile guidance were considered using image sequences of multispectral data from real sensor systems and from computer simulations. The main aspect of the adaptive classification is the support of model-based structural image analysis by detection of image segments representing specific objects, e.g. forests, rivers and urban areas. The classifier, based on textural features, is automatically adapted to the changes of textural signatures during target approach by interpretation of the segmentation results of each actual frame of the image sequence