Recopilación sobre los diferentes artículos publicados en pró y contra del proyecto de una línea de vapores entre las Islas Canarias y esta, hecha por varios isleños, como interesados en su realización

Port. con grab. lit. representando un barco de vapo

Predicción molecular de los triglicéridos de la grasa láctea de oveja por cromatografía líquida de alta eficacia en fase inversa

115 individual peaks were obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography of the sheep milk fat. Triglyceride components of the chromatographic peaks were predicted by means of mathematical equations relationing the log k' of the chromatographic peaks to the molecular variables, equivalent carbon number (ECN) of the possible triglycerides, and chain length (CL) and number of double bounds (DB) of each of the fatty acids of the triglyceride. The 12 main fatty acids obtained by gas chromatography of the total triglyceride fraction were used to estimate the triglyceride composition of the sheep milk fat. The triglycerides presenting high random percentages were considered the principal molecular species when more than one triglyceride were predicted in a chromatographic peak. The main estimated triglycerides of the sheep milk fat were C4:0-C16:0-C16:0, C6:0-C14:0-C16:0, C4:0-C14:0-C16:00, C4:0-C16:0-C18:1 and C6:0-C14:0-C18:1.El análisis por cromatografía líquida de alta eficacia de los triglicéridos de la leche de oveja obtuvo 115 picos individuales. Los triglicéridos componentes de los picos cromatográficos fueron estimados mediante ecuaciones matemáticas que relacionaban el log k' de los picos cromatográficos con las variables moleculares, número equivalente de carbonos (NEC) de los posibles triglicéridos, y longitud de cadena (LC) y número de dobles enlaces (DE) de cada uno de los ácidos grasos del triglicérido. Para la estimación de la composición triglicérica de la grasa láctea se consideraron solamente los 12 ácidos grasos mayoritarios obtenidos en el análisis por cromatografía de gases de la fracción triglicérica total. Los triglicéridos que presentaron altos porcentajes según el cálculo de la composición al azar fueron considerados los principales componentes moleculares cuando en un pico cromatográfico se predecía más de un triglicérido. Los triglicéridos estimados más abundantes en la grasa láctea de oveja fueron C4:0-C16:0-C16:0, C6:0-C14:0-C16:0, C4:0-C14:0-C16:00, C4:0-C16:0-C18:1 y C6:0-C14:0-C18:

A short in-frame deletion in NTRK1 tyrosine kinase domain caused by a novel splice site mutation in a patient with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis

Background: Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease characterized by the lack of reaction to noxious stimuli and anhidrosis. It is caused by mutations in the NTRK1 gene, which encodes the high affinity tyrosine kinase receptor I for Neurotrophic Growth Factor (NGF). -- Case Presentation: We present the case of a female patient diagnosed with CIPA at the age of 8 months. The patient is currently 6 years old and her psychomotor development conforms to her age (RMN, SPECT and psychological study are in the range of normality). PCR amplification of DNA, followed by direct sequencing, was used to investigate the presence of NTRK1 gene mutations. Reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR amplification of RNA, followed by cloning and sequencing of isolated RT-PCR products was used to characterize the effect of the mutations on NTRK1 mRNA splicing. The clinical diagnosis of CIPA was confirmed by the detection of two splice-site mutations in NTRK1, revealing that the patient was a compound heterozygote at this gene. One of these alterations, c.574+1G > A, is located at the splice donor site of intron 5. We also found a second mutation, c.2206-2 A > G, not previously reported in the literature, which is located at the splice acceptor site of intron 16. Each parent was confirmed to be a carrier for one of the mutations by DNA sequencing analysis. It has been proposed that the c.574+1G > A mutation would cause exon 5 skipping during NTRK1 mRNA splicing. We could confirm this prediction and, more importantly, we provide evidence that the novel c.2206-2A > G mutation also disrupts normal NTRK1 splicing, leading to the use of an alternative splice acceptor site within exon 17. As a consequence, this mutation would result in the production of a mutant NTRK1 protein with a seven aminoacid in-frame deletion in its tyrosine kinase domain. --Conclusions: We present the first description of a CIPA-associated NTRK1 mutation causing a short interstitial deletion in the tyrosine kinase domain of the receptor. The possible phenotypical implications of this mutation are discussed.This investigation was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the Fundacion Vasca de Innovacion e Investigacion Sanitarias (funds to ES)

Effect of resveratrol on alcohol-induced mortality and liver lesions in mice

BACKGROUND: Resveratrol is a polyphenol with important antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. We investigated the effect of resveratrol on alcohol-induced mortality and liver lesions in mice. METHODS: Mice were randomly distributed into four groups (control, resveratrol-treated control, alcohol and resveratrol-treated alcohol). Chronic alcohol intoxication was induced by progressively administering alcohol in drinking water up to 40% v/v. The mice administered resveratrol received 10 mg/ml in drinking water. The animals had free access to standard diet. Blood levels were determined for transaminases, IL-1 and TNF-α. A histological evaluation was made of liver damage, and survival among the animals was recorded. RESULTS: Transaminase concentration was significantly higher in the alcohol group than in the rest of the groups (p < 0.05). IL-1 levels were significantly reduced in the alcohol plus resveratrol group compared with the alcohol group (p < 0.05). TNF-α was not detected in any group. Histologically, the liver lesions were more severe in the alcohol group, though no significant differences between groups were observed. Mortality in the alcohol group was 78% in the seventh week, versus 22% in the alcohol plus resveratrol group (p < 0.001). All mice in the alcohol group died before the ninth week. CONCLUSION: The results obtained suggest that resveratrol reduces mortality and liver damage in mice

Comparative study of enteric viruses, coliphages and indicator bacteria for evaluating water quality in a tropical high-altitude system

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Bacteria used as indicators for pathogenic microorganisms in water are not considered adequate as enteric virus indicators. Surface water from a tropical high-altitude system located in Mexico City that receives rainwater, treated and non-treated wastewater used for irrigation, and groundwater used for drinking, was studied.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The presence of enterovirus, rotavirus, astrovirus, coliphage, coliform bacteria, and enterococci was determined during annual cycles in 2001 and 2002. Enteric viruses in concentrated water samples were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Coliphages were detected using the double agar layer method. Bacteria analyses of the water samples were carried out by membrane filtration.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The presence of viruses and bacteria in the water used for irrigation showed no relationship between current bacterial indicator detection and viral presence. Coliphages showed strong association with indicator bacteria and enterovirus, but weak association with other enteric viruses. Enterovirus and rotavirus showed significant seasonal differences in water used for irrigation, although this was not clear for astrovirus.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Coliphages proved to be adequate faecal pollution indicators for the irrigation water studied. Viral presence in this tropical high-altitude system showed a similar trend to data previously reported for temperate zones.</p

FRACCIONAMIENTO ELECTROFORÉTICO DE LAS PROTEÍNAS DE LECHE DE CABRA DE RAZA MURCIANO-GRANADINA

Sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the milk of 108 goats of the Murciano Granadina breeds was made for the purpose of determining the relative percentages of the casein,and whey protein fractions in the colostmm, suckling, weaning and milking periods of the lactation curve. In the first four days after parturition, the relative values of the protein fractioning undergo the most important change in the whole of lactation period. This is especially significant (pSe ha realizado el análisis electroforético en gel de poliacrilamida-SDS de la leche de 108 cabras de raza Murciano-Granadina, con el objeto de determinar la evolución de los porcentajes relativos del fraccionamiento caseínico y sérico de las proteínas lácteas en los periodos de calostro, amamantamiento, destete y ordeño de la curva de lactación. En los primeros cuatro días post-parto los valores relativos del fraccionamiento protéico sufren la variación más importante de toda la lactación. Esta evolución resulta especialmente significativa (

AZIDIOL COMO CONSERVANTE DE MUESTRAS DE LECHE

In order to evaluate the possibility of using the same preserved milk samples for different analysis by milk testing laboratories, it was investigated the use of azidiol (sodium azide/chloramphenicol) as a liquid preservative for chemical, bacteriological and cytological evaluations. Azidiol was added inmediately after milking in half of the samples, the others were used as witness. Analyses were made using an infra-red milk analyzer (Milko-Scan), a Bactoscan and a Fossomatic counter. Life of milk was increased with azidiol as storage temperature was lowered from 20° C to 4° C. Samples for chemical analysis with azidiol could be preserved more than 15 days at 4° C and at least a weed at 20° C. Mean life of samples for bacteriological evaluation in the presence of the preservative varied depending on the temperature of the storage. At 4° C changes were not significant by the Bacto-Scan method and at 20° C milk samples were preserved 3 days (the same time that at 4° C without azidiol). Cytological test gave the same results with and without azidiol when storage temperature was 4° C. However, the mean life of milk with azidiol at 20° C is reduced to 2 days.Con objeto de evaluar la posibilidad de utilizar la misma muestra de leche conservada para diferentes determinaciones en los Laboratorios Interprofesionales, investigamos el uso del azidiol (azida sódica/cloranfenicol) como conservante líquido para evaluaciones químicas, bacteriológicas y citológicas. Las muestras fueron tomadas inmediatamente después del ordeño y el conservante se adicionó en la mitad de ellas, quedando las restantes como testigo. Las determinaciones se realizaron utilizando un analizador infra-rojo de leche (MilkoScan), un Bactoscan y un Fossomatic. Los resultados mostraron que las muestras con conservante para el análisis químico, pueden ser mantenidas más de 15 días a 4° C, y al menos una semana a 20° C. Al evaluar la calidad bacteriológica, la vida media de las muestras de leche con azidiol mostró variaciones dependientes de la temperatura de almacenamiento; a 4° C no se encontraron cambios significativos por el método Bacto-Scan; a 20° C las muestras de leche se conservaban 3 días (el mismo tiempo que sin azidiol a 4° C). El análisis citológico no fue afectado por el tiempo de almacenamiento de las muestras cuando la temperatura fue 4° C. Sin embargo, a 20° C la vida media de la leche con azidiol se reduce a 2 días