Study project of intrusive rocks: States of Espirito Santo and Rio de Janeiro, south and east of Minas Gerais and southeast of the state of Sao Paulo

The feasibility of mapping intrusive rocks in polycyclic and polymetamorphic areas using the logic method for photointerpretation of LANDSAT and radar imagery was investigated. The resolution, scale and spectral characteristics of the imagery were considered. Spectral characteristics of the intrusive rock units mapped using image 100 were investigated. It was determined that identification of acidic and basic intrusive bodies and determination of their relationships with principal structural directions using the logic method was feasible. Tectonic compartments were subdivided into units according to their predominant lithographic types, ignoring stratigraphy. The principal directions of various foliations, faults, megafolds, and fractural systems were defined. Delineation of the boundaries of intrusive bodies mapped using the spectral characteristics of Image 100 imagery ws determined to be more accurate than visual analysis. A 1:500,000 scale map of intrusions in the areas studied was generated

Анализ заболеваемости глаукомой населения Ставропольского края

PURPOSE: to study glaucoma incidence in the Stavropol region (SR), the North Caucasian Federal District (NCFD) and the Russian Federation (RF) over the 2007-2016 period.METHODS: The official statistical materials of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and Central Research Institute of Organization and Informatization of Health Care of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and the data of the Medical Information Analytical Center of Stavropol region were analyzed during the research. We calculated the level of general and primary incidence per 100 thousand population and the share of glaucoma in the structure of eye diseases. Indicators of the general and primary disease incidence in the Stavropol region in comparison with similar indicators in the North Caucasian Federal District and the RF in 2007-2016 were analyzed. The parameters of glaucoma monitoring per 1000 population were calculated and the data of disability on glaucoma in the Stavropol region for 2013-2017 was analyzed.RESULTS. General incidence of glaucoma in Russian adult population increased by 24.3%, while primary incidence of glaucoma increased by 11% in comparison with 2007. These indicators were stable for six years (2011- 2016) among the population over working age (fluctuation range — 2.2-4.9%). During the ten years general incidence of glaucoma in adult population of the NCFD was increased by 33% and the primary incidence was decreased by 14.5%. In NCFD among the population over working age the number of cases of general and primary incidence of glaucoma over the six years was increased, respectively, by 4.5% and 4%. In the Stavropol region, the annual incidence rates of glaucoma fluctuate. Peak indicators for the UK in the period under study were registered in 2012, the total incidence of the adult population was 16 443 (735.3 per 100 thousand population), the primary incidence of the adult population was 1 966 cases (87.9 per 100 thousand population). In the Stavropol region there was a low rate of glaucoma patients monitoring. A growth of surgical activity was also identified in the region. Disability due to glaucoma in the SR reached 21.5%, being the second most frequent visual disability cause in the region (2016).CONCLUSION: Glaucoma epidemiology aggravated during the last ten years in Russia. The share of general and primary incidence of glaucoma among the eye pathology in Russia has steadily increased during the selected period. The NCFD showed the lowest incidence of glaucoma among all federal districts of Russia. The incidence of glaucoma in the Stavropol region had a variable and unstable character.ЦЕЛЬ. Изучить показатели заболеваемости глаукомой в Ставропольском крае (СК), Северо-Кавказском федеральном округе (СКФО) и Российской Федерации (РФ) за период 2007-2017 гг.МЕТОДЫ. Проведен анализ официальных статистических материалов Министерства здравоохранения РФ, ФГБУ «Центральный НИИ организации и информатизации здравоохранения» Минздрава России и данных ГБУЗ СК «Медицинский информационно-аналитический центр». В работе рассчитаны общая, первичная заболеваемость на 100 тыс. населения и удельный вес глаукомы в структуре глазной заболеваемости. Проведена оценка динамики показателей общей и первичной заболеваемости населения СК по сравнению с аналогичными показателями в СКФО и РФ в 2007-2016 гг. Рассчитаны показатели диспансеризации на 1 000 населения и проанализированы данные инвалидности по глаукоме в Ставропольском крае за 2013-2017 гг.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Общая заболеваемость глаукомой взрослого населения России увеличилась на 24,3%, первичная — на 11% по сравнению с 2007 г., среди населения старше трудоспособного возраста эти показатели стабильны за шесть лет (2011-2016), колебания в пределах 2,2-4,9%. За десять лет по СКФО общая заболеваемость глаукомы взрослого населения увеличилась на 33%, первичная заболеваемость снизилась на 14,5%. Среди населения СКФО старше трудоспособного возраста число случаев общей и первичной заболеваемости глаукомы за шесть лет возросло соответственно на 4,5% и 4%. В СК ежегодные показатели заболеваемости глаукомой колеблются. Пик показателей по СК в изучаемый период зарегистрирован в 2012 г., общая заболеваемость взрослого населения — 16 443 случая (735,3 на 100 тыс. населения), первичная заболеваемость взрослого населения — 1 966 случаев (87,9 на 100 тыс. населения). В СК низкий показатель числа больных глаукомой, состоящих на диспансерном учете. В крае выявлен рост хирургической активности у пациентов с глаукомой. Инвалидность вследствие глаукомы по СК занимает второе место (2016) и составляет 21,5%.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. За десять лет в России ухудшилась эпидемиологическая ситуация по глаукоме. Доля общей и первичной заболеваемости глаукомы среди всей патологии органа зрения в России за выбранный период постоянно возрастала. Наименьшая заболеваемость глаукомой среди всех исследованных федеральных округов России в СКФО. Показатели заболеваемости глаукомой по Ставропольскому краю носят непостоянный, скачкообразный характер

Grambank reveals the importance of genealogical constraints on linguistic diversity and highlights the impact of language loss

While global patterns of human genetic diversity are increasingly well characterized, the diversity of human languages remains less systematically described. Here we outline the Grambank database. With over 400,000 data points and 2,400 languages, Grambank is the largest comparative grammatical database available. The comprehensiveness of Grambank allows us to quantify the relative effects of genealogical inheritance and geographic proximity on the structural diversity of the world's languages, evaluate constraints on linguistic diversity, and identify the world's most unusual languages. An analysis of the consequences of language loss reveals that the reduction in diversity will be strikingly uneven across the major linguistic regions of the world. Without sustained efforts to document and revitalize endangered languages, our linguistic window into human history, cognition and culture will be seriously fragmented.Genealogy versus geography Constraints on grammar Unusual languages Language loss Conclusio