10 research outputs found

    Caracterização fenotĂ­pica da resistĂȘncia a antimicrobianos e detecção do gene mecA em Staphylococcus spp. coagulase-negativos isolados de amostras animais e humanas Phenotypic characterization of antimicrobial resistance and detection of the mecA gene in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. isolates from animal and human samples

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    Os estafilococos coagulase-negativos (ECN) fazem parte da microbiota normal da pele e, apesar de terem sido considerados saprĂłfitas por muito tempo, o seu significado clĂ­nico como agente etiolĂłgico tem aumentado com o passar dos anos. Neste estudo, foram obtidos 72 isolados de ECN a partir de amostras do conduto auditivo de cĂŁes, de mastite bovina e de infecçÔes humanas. Staphylococcus xylosus foi o microrganismo mais isolado, nas amostras animais, e S. cohnii subsp. cohnii em humanos. Os isolados foram avaliados de modo a traçar o perfil fenotĂ­pico de sua resistĂȘncia aos antimicrobianos mais indicados no tratamento de infecçÔes estafilocĂłcicas. Foi detectado um elevado nĂ­vel de resistĂȘncia Ă  penicilina e ampicilina. A gentamicina, a vancomicina e a associação ampicilina+sulbactam foram eficientes frente aos isolados testados. A resistĂȘncia Ă  oxacilina foi avaliada por meio dos testes de difusĂŁo em disco modificada, ĂĄgar screen, microdiluição em caldo e diluição em ĂĄgar para constatar, se Ă  semelhança do que ocorre com os estafilococos coagulase-positivo, esta pode ser mediada pelo gene mecA e apresentada de forma heterogĂȘnea. A presença do gene mecA foi determinada pelo mĂ©todo da Reação em Cadeia de Polimerase (PCR), sendo 5,6% dos isolados mecA positivos.<br>Coagulase-negative staphylococci (SCN) make part of the normal microbiota skin and although they have been considered saprophytics for years, nowadays their clinical significance as an etiologic agent has increased. In this study, 72 SCN isolates obtained from external ear canals of dogs, bovine mastitis and human nosocomial infections were evaluated. Staphylococcus xylosus was the most prevalent microorganism in animal samples and S. cohnii subsp. cohnii in human samples. SCN isolates were evaluated in order to establish a phenotypical resistance pattern towards the most indicated antibiotics for staphyloccocal infections. A high level of resistance to penicillin and ampicillin was detected. The most efficient antibiotics evaluated were gentamicin, vancomicin and the association between ampicillin and sulbactam. To certify the heterogeneous resistance pattern, oxacillin resistance was phenotypically detected by a modified-disc-diffusion test, agar screen, broth micro-dilution and agar dilution. The presence of the mecA gene was detected in 5.6% of the SCN isolates by Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

    7-NI and ODQ Disturbs Memory in the Elevated plus Maze, Morris Water Maze, and Radial Arm Maze Tests in Mice

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    Nitric oxide (NO) is an atypical neurotransmitter that causes changes in cognition. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and guanylate cyclase (GC) inhibitors have been shown to exert some effects on cognition in previous studies; however, the findings have been controversial. This study was aimed at understanding the effects of an NOS inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), and a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, 1 H -[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), on spatial memory in modified elevated plus maze (mEPM), Morris water maze (MWM), and radial arm maze (RAM) tests. Male Balb-c mice were treated via intraperitoneal injections with 7-NI (15 mg/kg), ODQ (3, 10 mg/kg), L-arginine (100 mg/kg) + 7-NI (15 mg/kg), or physiological saline. ODQ (3 mg/kg) and 7-NI (15 mg/kg) significantly increased the second-day latency in the mEPM test. 7-NI (15 mg/kg) and ODQ (10 mg/kg) significantly increased the escape latency in second, third, and fourth sessions, decreased the time spent in the escape platform's quadrant, and increased the mean distance to the platform in the probe trial of the MWM test. ODQ (3, 10 mg/kg) and 7-NI (15 mg/kg) significantly increased the number of errors, whereas only 7-NI increased the latency in the RAM test. The administration of L-arginine (100 mg/kg) prior to 7-NI inverted the effects of 7-NI, which supports the role of NO on cognition. Our study shows that the NO/cGMP/GS pathway can regulate spatial memory in mice

    Spatial Representations in the Rat: Case Study or Perspective on Episodic Memory?

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    Of rodents and humans: A comparative review of the neurobehavioral effects of early life SSRI exposure in preclinical and clinical research

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