An extension of the Hirsch Index: Indexing scientific topics and compounds

An interesting twist of the Hirsch index is given, in terms of an index for topics and compounds. By comparing both the hb index and m for a number of compounds and topics, it can be used to differentiate between a new so-called hot topic with older topics. This quick method is shown to help new comers to identify how much interest and work has already been achieved in their chosen area of research.Comment: Published in Scientometrics, Note added in proof, 4 page

Regulating Eternal Inflation II: The Great Divide

In a previous paper, two of the authors presented a "regulated" picture of eternal inflation. This picture both suggested and drew support from a conjectured discontinuity in the amplitude for tunneling from positive to negative vacuum energy, as the positive vacuum energy was sent to zero; analytic and numerical arguments supporting this conjecture were given. Here we show that this conjecture is false, but in an interesting way. There are no cases where tunneling amplitudes are discontinuous at vanishing cosmological constant; rather, the space of potentials separates into two regions. In one region decay is strongly suppressed, and the proposed picture of eternal inflation remains viable; sending the (false) vacuum energy to zero in this region results in an absolutely stable asymptotically flat space. In the other region, we argue that the space-time at vanishing cosmological constant is unstable, but not asymptotically Minkowski. The consequences of our results for theories of supersymmetry breaking are unchanged.Comment: JHEP3, 19 Pages, 7 Figure

Towards a quantum theory of de Sitter space

We describe progress towards constructing a quantum theory of de Sitter space in four dimensions. In particular we indicate how both particle states and Schwarzschild de Sitter black holes can arise as excitations in a theory of a finite number of fermionic oscillators. The results about particle states depend on a conjecture about algebras of Grassmann variables, which we state, but do not prove.Comment: JHEP3 LaTex - 19 page

Understanding the relativegenerosity of governmentfinancial support to familieswith children

The principal of horizontal equity can be interpreted as requiring that householdswith the same pre-transfer incomes and the same consumption needs should receivethe same post-transfer incomes. We argue the generosity of government financialsupport to families with children should be analysed with respect to such a baseline.Although not without problems, equivalence scales form an important part of such aprocedure. The comparison of financial support to families with children with acorresponding equivalence scale, both over time and between countries, should give amore accurate picture of generosity than comparisons of cash values alone. Wediscuss potential advantages and drawbacks of such comparisons, illustrating withcomparisons of the US and UK systems. The main drawback is that we can onlyevaluate the generosity of support for children relative to that for adults. With thisrestriction, horizontal equity is more likely to be achieved for couples with 1 childthan for those with 2 children. For some groups, the US is more generous to children(relative to adults) than the UK, but this difference is partly generated by the USsystem being less generous to childless households than the UK. The principal of horizontal equity can be interpreted as requiring that householdswith the same pre-transfer incomes and the same consumption needs should receivethe same post-transfer incomes. We argue the generosity of government financialsupport to families with children should be analysed with respect to such a baseline.Although not without problems, equivalence scales form an important part of such aprocedure. The comparison of financial support to families with children with acorresponding equivalence scale, both over time and between countries, should give amore accurate picture of generosity than comparisons of cash values alone. Wediscuss potential advantages and drawbacks of such comparisons, illustrating withcomparisons of the US and UK systems. The main drawback is that we can onlyevaluate the generosity of support for children relative to that for adults. With thisrestriction, horizontal equity is more likely to be achieved for couples with 1 childthan for those with 2 children. For some groups, the US is more generous to children(relative to adults) than the UK, but this difference is partly generated by the USsystem being less generous to childless households than the UK

Profiling business support provision for small, medium and micro-sized enterprises in London’s fashion sector

The primary aim of this paper is to build a profile of the business support landscape that exists for fashion SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) and MSEs (micro-sized enterprises) in London. In the face of multiple challenges, fashion sector SME/MSEs benefit from the services provided by business support organisations. We have identified 21 fashion support organisations that exist in London. They can be broadly divided into two types of business support organisations: fashion incubators and partial-support organisations, both of which play an equally important role in the sector

Collision frequencies and energy transfer-ions Scientific report no. 272

Ion energy transfer, collision frequencies, and resonance charge exchange of neutral gases for studying thermal behavior of ion

Thermal Conduction and Ion Temperatures in the Ionosphere

Ion energy balance equation analyzed in study of thermal conduction and ion temperatures in ionospher

Embedding the Pentagon

The Pentagon Model is an explicit supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model, which involves a new strongly-interacting SU(5) gauge theory at TeV-scale energies. We show that the Pentagon can be embedded into an SU(5) x SU(5) x SU(5) gauge group at the GUT scale. The doublet-triplet splitting problem, and proton decay compatible with experimental bounds, can be successfully addressed in this context. The simplest approach fails to provide masses for the lighter two generations of quarks and leptons; however, this problem can be solved by the addition of a pair of antisymmetric tensor fields and an axion.Comment: 39 page

Charged Particle Temperatures and Electron Thermal Conductivity in the Upper Atmosphere Scientic Report No. 276

Charged particle temperatures and electron thermal conductivity in upper atmospher