Wireless Alliance for Testing Experiment and Research (WALTER) Experts Workshop

The purpose of the publication is to describe the WALTER experts workshop and related results and findings. The workshop was conducted in Ispra, Varese, Italy from the 2nd to the 3rd of July 2008 at the European Commission JRC facilities. The workshop was organized as part of the FP7 WALTER project, which has the objective of define a networked test bed laboratory to evaluate UltraWideBand (UWB) technology and equipment. The purpose of WALTER workshop was to present and discuss the current regulatory, standardization and research status of UltraWideBand (UWB) technology with special focus on the definition of requirements, methodologies and tools for UWB measurements and testing. The WALTER workshop had the following main objectives: - Identify the main regulatory and standardization challenges for the adoption of UWB in Europe and the world. Support the identification and resolution of conflicting requirements. - Identify the main challenges in the UWB testing and measurements. Describe how the current industrial and research activity could support the resolution of these challenges. - Discuss the future developments like UWB at 60 GHz and innovative interference and mitigation techniques including Detect And Avoid (DAA). A number of international experts in the UltraWideBand field have been invited to participate to this workshop, to encourage bi-directional communication: in one direction to disseminate the information on WALTER project and its activities, in the other direction to collect the input and feedback on the regulatory and standardization work, industrial activity and research studies.JRC.G.6-Sensors, radar technologies and cybersecurit

Physical Layer Identification and authentication of electronic devices

In this thesis, I have investigated the problem of identification and authentication of electronic devices through their physical layer intrinsic features or fingerprints. The concept is that small differences in the electronic components of electronic devices leave small but significant traces in the digital output generated by the electronic device. Then, an analysis of the digital output provides the capability to identify and/or authenticate an electronic device from its digital output with a degree of accuracy, which is based on various factors including environmental effects. This research area has become more prominent in recent times due to the increasing computing power available for signal processing and analysis, which allows a more efficient and accurate extraction of the fingerprints. Even if there is considerable research in this area, which has proven the concept both with theoretical analysis and experimental results, there are still many aspects to be investigated both for the different types of electronic devices and for the analysis of the digital output through signal processing and machine learning techniques. The PhD activities have investigated various novel aspects in comparison to the existing literature. This thesis describes most of the results and describes the novelty in comparison to previous research literature. Three specific use cases were considered: identification of wireless devices, microphones and magnetometers

DSRC CAN INTERFACE SPECIFICATION for the Smart Tachograph application

This technical report is based on the technical specification details an implementation of the DSRC-CAN interface and communication protocol based on the SAE J1939 standard between the Vehicle Unit and a CAN based DSRC module in a Smart Tachograph System. The technical specification has been defined by the tachograph manufacturers Stoneridge, Continental and Intellic with the technical support of the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission and the vehicle manufactures via the HDEI (Heavy Truck Electronic Interface) working group.JRC.E.3-Cyber and Digital Citizens' Securit

Implementation of MATLAB libraries and related technical documents for Accurate Positioning in Intelligent Transport System

A proof-of-concept project was started in the JRC in early 2014 to investigate and design a framework to improve positioning accuracy in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) on the basis of the IMU sensors. In the first phase of the project, a theoretical framework was defined and described in Report EUR 27042 EN. This technical report describes in detail the technical solution adopted to implement the theoretical framework as a MATLAB library providing dedicated functionalities to apply for an Accurate Positioning in Intelligent Transport System (which is the second phase of the project). The mathematical framework developed in the first phase of the project has been implemented into a working and self-standing MATLAB library. The MATLAB library is composed by three functional blocks: the Extended Kalman Filter, the vehicle’s status estimation module and the Particle Filter. The MATLAB library is capable of ingesting data in batch or real-time fashion. It elaborates the acquired data and displays the results by means of easy to understand graphs. It interoperates with the OpenStreetMap maps to provide georeferenced results. The report describes the main modules of the MATLAB library, how they are connected and how they must be used. The report also describes the testing scenarios and the results of the tests. Finally, the technical report provides recommendations on the future developments of this MATLAB library. The MATLAB implementation and the report have been completely produced by ARES2T. Gianmarco Baldini has only defined the operational scenarios and the requirements.JRC.E.3-Cyber and Digital Citizens' Securit

Theoretical framework for In-Car Navigation based on Integrated GPS/IMU Technologies

In this report the problem of vehicular navigation based on the integration of the global positioning system and an inertial navigation system is tackled. After analysing some fundamental technical issues about reference systems, vehicle modelling and sensors, a novel solution, combining extended Kalman filtering with particle filltering, is developed. This solution allows to embed highly non-linear constraints originating from digital maps in the position estimation process and is expected to be implementable on commercial hardware platforms equipped with low cost inertial sensorsJRC.G.6-Digital Citizen Securit

Testing and certification of automated vehicles including cybersecurity and artificial intelligence aspects

This report focuses on the testing and certification of autonomous vehicles and the technologies and components used in their implementation. Autonomous vehicles are very complex cyber physical systems composed by many inter-connected components like sensors, actuators and artificial intelligence processors. They are supposed to operate with high accuracy and safety with limited presence of human drivers or completely in their absence (i.e., driverless cars). In addition, they are supposed to be robust against unintentional or intentional malfunctions, which can be caused by cybersecurity threats as vehicles will be increasingly connected, which can be exploited by cybersecurity attackers. The report reviews the existing activities at global and european level for testing and certification of autonomous vehicles with a particular focus on the current revision of the UNECE regulatory framework. Then, the report focuses on three separate elements of testing of automated vehicles: a) definition of processes for cybersecurity testing and mitigation of cybersecurity threats, b) testing and evaluation of artificial intelligence components of the automated vehicles and c) definition of database scenarios and languages for testing of automated vehicles. These areas have been selected because they address gaps in the policy support analysis needed by DG GROW C.4. On each of these areas, the report identifies key recommendations at regulatory and standardization level.JRC.E.3-Cyber and Digital Citizens' Securit

Chapter UWB Cognitive Radios

Management & management technique

Reconfigurable Radio System Test bed for security research

Technological progress on the digital processing has opened the way to a novel implementation approach for wireless communication platforms where most of the digital signal processing is done in software rather than in hardware. Such systems have been known as Software Defined Radio (SDR) or Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS). A typical SDR/RRS is able to execute all the radio frequency and base-band processing though software components rather then hardware components as in conventional radio communication systems. This capability provides a high level of reconfigurability and the possibility to implement a number of different algorithms for digital processing. Therefore, SDR/RRS can be used for a variety or purposes including the possibility of implementing wireless security attacks against conventional communication systems. In this technical report, we present an application of the SDR/RRS platform to implement a security attack against a DECT platform. The SDR/RRS platform has been used to implement a DECT demodulator and a processing module to eavesdrop and capture user and control data transmitted by a DECT system. The commercially available Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) has been used as SDR/RRS platform for the development of the prototype. The paper presents the technical challenges and implementation details in the development of the prototype and an overview of the capabilities of the USRP to implement wireless security attacks. The SDR/RRS platform used in the project is quite versatile and it can be used for a number of other applications related to DECT or other wireless communication systems.JRC.G.6-Security technology assessmen

Proof of Concept (PoC) of the remote interrogation for the smart tachograph based on CEN-Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC)

The aim of this technical report is to describe the proof-of-concept of the CEN-DSRC imple- mentation of the remote interrogation function of the new version of the digital tachograph. The current digital tachograph (DT) system to monitor the driving time in commercial ve- hicles above 3.5 tons is governed by Council Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85 of 20 December 1985, which was modified at several occasions and more recently in 2006, when the digital tachograph was introduced, and in 2009, when it was updated to technical progress to avoid fraud and reduce the administrative burden. In July 2011 the Commission made a proposal (COM(2011) 451 final) to modify the tachograph regulation, which has been the object of discussions in Council and Parliament in the course of the ordinary legislative procedure. The final version of the approved regulation was published in February 2014 (Regulation 165/2014 (Commission, 2004)). The technical specifications of the smart tachograph were published as Regulation 799/2016 (Commission, 2011). One of the main functions is the remote interrogation of the Smart Tachograph (ST) installed in the commercial vehicle through the CEN-DSRC standard. The function supports law enforcers in the checking of potential frauds or malfunctions in the ST. To support the future deployment of the smart tachograph and to validate the technical specifications of the smart tachograph regarding the remote interrogation function, JRC issued a tender to the DSRC manufacturer Q-FREE to implement a prototype of the new remote interrogation systems. The prototype was successfully implemented and tested. It was shown during the JRC Open day in May 2016 to thousands of visitors at the stand of the smart tachograph organized by unit DG.JRC.E3.JRC.E.3-Cyber and Digital Citizens' Securit