Geçmişte ve Günümüzde Lycium barbarum L.’un Kullanım Alanları

Solanaceae familyasına ait özellikle Lycium barbarum L. türünün meyvesi olarak bilinen “Goji berry”, besin değerinin yüksek olması sebebiyle son yıllarda ‘‘süper meyve’’ adıyla oldukça popüler hale gelmiştir. L. barbarum çalı formunda çok yıllık bir bitkidir. Meyveleri tatlı ve keskin bir tada sahip, yaklaşık 2 cm derinliğinde elips şeklinde turuncu-kırmızı renkli yumuşak bir yapıya sahiptir. 2000 yılı aşkın süredir Çin ve Tibet’te geleneksel tıp ve gıda alanında kullanılan bitkinin kök, kabuk ve meyvelerinden tıbbi ilaçlar yapıldığı, yapraklarının ve tohumlarının da bazı şifalı bitkilerden bahseden kitaplarda yer aldığı anlatılmaktadır. Tibet’te yerliler tarafından ömrü uzattığı düşünülmekte ve ‘‘mutluluğun meyvesi’’ adıyla da bilinmektedir. Bitkinin dünyada “kurt üzümü” adıyla da bilinen meyveleri polisakkarit kompleksleri, karotenoidler, fenilpropanoidler gibi yüksek biyolojik aktiviteye sahip birçok bileşik grubu içermektedir. Bitkinin kurutulmuş meyveleri direkt tüketildiği gibi bitki çayı, meyve suyu, şarap, tentür yapımında ve yemeklerde olmak üzere dünyada farklı kullanımları bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ise L. barbarum bitkisinin geleneksel kullanım alanları ile ilgili bilgiler derlenmiştir

A new approach for green synthesis and characterization of Artemisia L. (Asteraceae) genotype extracts-Cu2 nanocomplexes (nanoflower) and their effective antimicrobial activity

.In this study, we have demonstrated the fabrication of novel organic-inorganic nanobio-antimicrobial agents called “nanoflowers” (NFs) and elucidate the increase in the antimicrobial activity of NFs. This is the first report that the NFs were formed of plant extracts as the organic components and copper (II) ions (Cu2+) as the inorganic component. The Artemisia L. (Asteraceae) methanol extracts from three genotypes including A. absinthium L. (Aa), A. vulgaris L. (Av) and A. ludoviciana Nutt. (Al) were selected in the NF synthesis. The effect of the plant extract concentrations on the morphology of NFs was examined. Most regular and uniform flower-shaped morpholo- gies were observed when a concentration of 0.1 mg mL-1 plant extract was used in the synthesis of NFs. The syntesized NFs were characterized with several techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The NFs exhibited much antimicrobial activity against the pathogens even at low concentrations compared to the extracts. The MICs and MBCs values for NFs were found to be range between 0.4 to 40 μg mL-1 and 40 to 400 μg mL-1 while those values for Aa, Av and Al extracts were ranged from 500-2000 μg mL-1 and 1000-4000 μg mL-1 for the studied pathogens, respectively.

Kudret Narı (Momordica charantia Descourt.) Meyvesinden Saflaştırılan Peroksidaz Enzimi Kullanılarak Hibrit Nano Çiçekler Sentezlenmesi ve Direct Blue 1 Gideriminde Kullanılabilirlikleri

.Peroxidase enzymes are purified from different plant sources are used efficiently for the removal of dyes in industrial wastes. The fruit of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), an inexpensive and easily accessible vegetable, is an important source of peroxidase. In this study, total protein content was found to be 0.485 mg/mL and peroxidase activity was found to be 2360.9 EU/mg as a result of 50% protein precipitation made from green bitter gourd. However; total protein amount was 0.232 mg/mL and free peroxidase activity was determined as 7719.30 EU/mg as a result of 60% protein precipitation made from ripe bitter gourd. Peroxidase enzymes which were purified from bitter gourd in different growth stages under optimum conditions showed higher enzymatic activity compared to free forms when immobilized via enzyme-inorganic hybrid nanoflower synthesis method. The highest peroxidase activity was seen in mature fruit and hybrid nanoflower form (19661, 6 EU/mg). In addition, the usability of hybrid nanoflowers was investigated compared to the free purified peroxidase for removal of Direct Blue 1 dye widely used in textile industry. It was determined that hybrid nanoflower form synthesized especially by using ripe bitter gourd peroxidase had more dye removal.

Towards Federalizing U.S. International Commercial Arbitration Law

Leaves of Juglans regia L. collected from two different locations [Adana (A) and Ankara (BA from Turkey were subjected to hydrodistillation in a Clevenger type apparatus to yield the essential oils (EOs). GC/MS and GC-FID analyses revealed that the A EO was rich in thymol (23.1%), while caryophyllene oxide (33.8%) was found as the main constituent of B EO. Both contained beta-eudesmol (1.4% - 9.5%), (E)-geranyl acetone (3.7% - 5.8%) and the eudesmane type constituent juglaterpene A (3.1% - 11.0%). Using a HP Innowax preparative capillary column connected to a preparative fraction collector, an unknown constituent, juglaterpene A (1, 11-hydroxy-2,4-cycloeudesmane), was isolated in a rapid one-step manner with > 94.0% purity. Structure determination was accomplished from 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic data. Oil B demonstrated significant larvicidal activity against 1st instar Aedes aegypti L

Ekstrakt lovorvišnje ublažava štetno djelovanje dimetoata na reproduktivnu funkciju i apoptozu stanica u testisu štakora

Dimethoate is an organophosphorus pesticide used against agricultural insects, which causes oxidative stress and damage in many organs, including the reproductive ones. Cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis Roem.) fruit is rich in vitamins and phenolic compounds with antioxidant effect. The aim of this study was to investigate how effective its extract would be against dimethoate-induced testis and sperm damage in rats. Sixty animals were divided in six groups of 10. Group 1 (control) received only 1 mL of saline (0.9 % NaCl). Group 2 received 7 mg/kg of dimethoate in 1 mL of saline. Group 3 received 4 mg/kg of extract in 1 mL of saline. Group 4 received the extract 30 min before dimethoate administration. Group 5 received vitamin C (positive control, 100 mg/kg in 1 mL of saline) 30 min before dimethoate administration. Group 6 received only dimethoate for the first four weeks and then a combination of dimethoate and extract for another four weeks. All doses were administered daily by oral gavage. After eight weeks of treatment, the rats were euthanized and their reproductive organs removed. We took their body and reproductive organ weights and evaluated testicular oxidative stress, semen characteristics, sperm DNA damage, testicular apoptosis, and histopathological changes. Dimethoate significantly decreased body and reproductive organ weights, sperm motility and concentration, testicular superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-peroxidase activities and significantly increased lipid peroxidation, abnormal sperm rate, sperm DNA damage, testicular apoptosis, and caused histopathological lesions. Cherry laurel extract significantly countered many dimethoate-induced adverse effects, both as pre- and post-treatment, including reproductive organ weight, semen parameters, oxidant-antioxidant balance, sperm DNA integrity, testicular apoptosis, and histological structure. Our findings clearly suggest that the beneficial effects of the extract are associated with countering oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation in particular.Dimetoat je organofosforni insekticid koji uzrokuje oksidacijski stres i oštećuje mnoge organe, uključujući reproduktivne. Plod lovorvišnje (Laurocerasus officinalis Roem.) bogat je vitaminima i fenolnim spojevima s antioksidacijskim djelovanjem. Cilj je ovoga istraživanja bio utvrditi djelotvornost njegova ekstrakta protiv oštećenja testisa i spermija u mužjaka štakora izloženih dimetoatu. Njih 60 podijeljeno je nasumce u šest skupina od deset životinja. Prva je (kontrolna) skupina primala samo 1 mL fiziološke otopine (0,9 % NaCl), druga skupina 7 mg/kg dimetoata u 1 mL fiziološke otopine, treća skupina 4 mg/kg ekstrakta lovorvišnje u 1 mL fiziološke otopine, četvrta skupina ekstrakt 30 minuta prije primjene dimetoata, peta skupina vitamin C (pozitivna kontrola, 100 mg/kg u 1 mL fiziološke otopine) 30 min prije primjene dimetoata, a šesta skupina primala je dimetoat u prva četiri tjedna, potom kombinaciju dimetoata i ekstrakta lovorvišnje u sljedeća četiri tjedna. Sve navedene doze davane su svaki dan gavažom. Nakon osam tjedana primjene, štakori su eutanazirani, a njihovi reproduktivni organi odstranjeni. Izmjerena im je ukupna tjelesna masa i masa reproduktivnih organa te ocijenjen oksidacijski stres u testisima, značajke sjemena, oštećenja DNA spermija, apoptoza u testisima i histopatološke promjene. Dimetoat je značajno smanjio masu tijela i organa, gibljivost i koncentraciju spermija te aktivnost superoksid dismutaze i glutation-peroksidaze, a značajno povisio lipidnu peroksidaciju, postotak abnormalnih spermija, oštećenje DNA spermija, apoptozu u testisima te uzrokovao histopatološke promjene tkiva. Ekstrakt lovorvišnje značajno je ublažio te štetne učinke, bilo da je davan prije ili nakon dimetoata. Naši rezultati jasno upućuju na blagotvorno djelovanje toga ekstrakta, koje je povezano sa zaštitom od oksidacijskoga stresa, napose od lipidne peroksidacije