PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER DAN EDUKASI HUKUM CEGAH BULLYING PADA PELAJAR SMA NEGERI 1 MERAUKE

As bullying behavior increases by the younger generation, especially at the educational level, it seems to confirm the increasingly crisis of character-based education in today's educational climate. This writing is directed not only to instill but also to shape character through legal education to prevent student bullying at SMA Negeri 1 Merauke, Merauke Regency. The method applied is the method of discussion, question and answer, and character building between the presenters and students. The findings of the service concluded that the degradation of the character values of students was directly proportional to the bullying behavior, this condition was exacerbated by the lack of understanding of the community and current high school students regarding the laws and regulations including the Criminal Code, the Child Protection Act, the ITE Law

HARMONISASI HUKUM PIDANA DI BIDANG HUKUM LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DALAM RANGKA PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM PIDANA LINGKUNGAN INDONESIA

Tulisan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh banyaknya Undang-Undang yang mengatur segi-segi lingkungan hidup selain undang-undang payung yang khusus mengatur perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup. Atas dasar yang diuraikan dimuka, perlu kiranya dikaji kembali kebijakan legislatif khusunya hukum pidana dengan melakukan penelitian dengan judul “Harmonisasi Hukum Pidana Di bidang Hukum Lingkungan Hidup Dalam Rangka Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Lingkungan Indonesia”. Masalah yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini yaitu: 1. Bagaimana kebijakan hukum pidana dalam rangka penanggulangan tindak pidana lingkungan hidup saat ini?, 2. Mengapa kebijakan hukum pidana tidak harmonis dalam rangka penanggulangan tindak pidana lingkungan hidup?, 3.Bagaimana upaya harmonisasi hukum pidana di bidang hukum lingkungan hidup dimasa yang akan datang. Menjawab pertanyaan tersebut maka penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode penelitian normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kebijakan hukum pidana saat ini Perbuatan yang dikualifikasikan sebagai tindak pidana lingkungan hidup meliputi, perbuatan yang mengakibatkan dilampauinya baku mutu udara ambien, baku mutu air, baku mutu air laut, atau kriteria baku kerusakan lingkungan hidup, Melanggar baku mutu air limbah, baku mutu emisi, atau baku mutu gangguan, Subyek hukum adalah orang dan korporasi, Penerapan sanksi pidana dirumuskan secara kumulatif bersifat kaku dan imperatif yaitu pidana penjara dan denda, Pertanggungjawaban pidana untuk korporasi tidak dijelaskan dan tidak disebutkan mengenai dalam hal bagaimana korporasi dikatakan telah melakukan tindak pidana dan kapan korporasi dapat di pertanggungjawabkan. kebijakan hukum pidana tidak harmonis di bidang hukum lingkungan hidup Indonesia ditemukan Terdapat duplikasi norma hukum pidana (bahkan ada yang triplikasi norma) dengan ancaman sanksi yang berbeda padahal perbuatan pidananya relatif sama, Subjek tidak terdapat kesamaan, Kebijakan hukum pidana di bidang lingkungan hidup belum mempunyai sistem pemidanaan yang utuh dan sebagai upaya Harmonisasi hukum pidana di bidang hukum lingkungan hidup perlu kiranya dilakukan kebijakan rekodifikasi norma hukum pidana lingkungan yang berada dalam berbagai undang-undang diluar KUHP saat ini ke dalam KUHP 15 dimasa yang akan datang dan Kebijakan hukum pidana di masa yang akan datang sebaiknya dirumuskan secara tegas dalam pasal-pasal mengenai bentuk dan kapan terjadinya tindak pidana lingkungan hidup serta mengatur setiap perbuatan atau kegiatan yang berpotensi menimbulkan kerusakan jadi perbuatan lingkungan hidup, dijadikannya korporasi sebagai subjek, maka pemidanaannya juga harus berorientasi pada korporasi, dan harus memasukan jenis pidana “melakukan tindakan tertentu” yang bertujuan memulihkan fungsi ekosistem yang rusak akibat pencemaran/perusakan lingkungan dan memasukan biaya sosial dan ekonomi sebagai ongkos sosial yang harus digantikan oleh pelaku tindak pidana

KONSEP KEADILAN RESTORATIF DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA TERPADU

Restorative justice has actually been known in the daily reality of even a local knowledge in a variety of customary law in Indonesia. Local wisdom which is hidden pearl that has been duly examined and modified again in order to shine again, illuminating the face of fading and darkness current law. Darkness law faces today due to the prevailing criminal justice system has not been fully integrated to ensure fairness (integrated justice), namely justice for perpetrators, justice for the victims, and justice for the people. This has pushed forward the concept “restorative justice.” Seat restorative justice which is an implementation of the concept of diversion has been formulated even if still limited in the juvenile justice system and restorative justice can contribute in two ways or forms, forms of settlement out of the criminal justice process (traditional institutions of village/community institutions village) as well as the shape of the settlement as part of the integrated criminal justice system process (SPPT) through the investigator, public prosecutor, judge and prisons. Keywords: restorative justice; diversion; integrated criminal justice system.  Keadilan restoratif sebenarnya telah dikenal dalam kenyataan sehari-hari bahkan sudah merupakan kearifan lokal di berbagai hukum adat di Indonesia. Kearifan lokal yang merupakan mutiara terpendam itu sudah sepatutnya dikaji dan dimodifikasi ulang agar bersinar kembali, menerangi kepudaran dan kegelapan wajah hukum saat ini. Kegelapan wajah hukum saat ini disebabkan oleh sistem peradilan pidana yang berlaku belum sepenuhnya menjamin keadilan terpadu (integrated justice), yaitu keadilan bagi pelaku, keadilan bagi korban, dan keadilan bagi masyarakat. Hal inilah yang mendorong ke depan konsep “restorative justice.” Kedudukan restorative justice yang merupakan implementasi konsep dari diversi telah dirumuskan sekalipun masih terbatas dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak dan keadilan restoratif dapat dikontribusikan melalui dua cara atau bentuk, yaitu bentuk penyelesaian di luar proses peradilan pidana (lembaga adat desa/lembaga kemasyarakatan desa) serta bentuk penyelesaian sebagai bagian dari proses sistem peradilan pidana terpadu (SPPT) melalui kepolisian, kejaksaan, pengadilan dan lembaga pemasyarakatan. Kata kunci: keadilan restoratif; diversi; sistem peradilan pidana terpadu

Tinjauan Kriminologis Tindak Pidana Penyalahgunaan Narkotika

Narcotics abuse is an act that is contrary to laws and regulations. Currently narcotics abuse covers all levels of society whether poor, rich, old, young, and even children. Seeing the facts of the case, what are the factors that cause the crime of narcotics abuse and how are the efforts to deal with the crime of narcotics abuse. The research method used is empirical juridical. The research results show that Factors causing the crime of narcotics theft in Merauke district are economic factors, family factors, environmental factors, educational factors, and sociological factors as well as several other factors, namely, selfish feelings, the will to be free, mental turmoil, and a sense of awareness. Efforts to deal with narcotics crimes by the Merauke resort police are preventive efforts in the form of counseling and outreach through universities, schools, mass media. And repressive efforts in the form of law enforcement.Penyalahgunaan narkotika merupakan perbuatan yang bertentangan dengan peraturan perundangan-undangan. Saat ini penyalahgunaan narkotika melingkupi semua lapisan masyarakat baik miskin, kaya, tua, muda, dan bahkan anak-anak. Melihat fakta kasus yang terjadi maka Apa faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya tindak pidana penyalagunaan narkotika dan Bagaimana upaya penanggulangan terhadap tindak pidana penyalahgunaan narkotika. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa. Faktor penyebab terjadinya tindak pidana penyalahgunaan narkotika di kabupaten Merauke yaitu, faktor ekonomi, faktor keluarga, faktor lingkungan, faktor Pendidikan, dan faktor sosiologis serta ada beberapa faktor lain yaitu, perasaan egois, kehendak ingin bebas, keguncangan jiwa, dan rasa keingintahuan. Bentuk upaya penanggulangan tehadap tindak pidana penyalahgunaan narkotika oleh kepolisian resort Merauke yaitu, upaya preventif berupa penyuluhan dan sosialisasi melalu

Electron-electron interaction effects on the photophysics of metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes

Single-walled carbon nanotubes are strongly correlated systems with large Coulomb repulsion between two electrons occupying the same $p_z$ orbital. Within a molecular Hamiltonian appropriate for correlated $\pi$-electron systems, we show that optical excitations polarized parallel to the nanotube axes in the so-called metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes are to excitons. Our calculated absolute exciton energies in twelve different metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes, with diameters in the range 0.8 - 1.4 nm, are in nearly quantitative agreement with experimental results. We have also calculated the absorption spectrum for the (21,21) single-walled carbon nanotube in the E$_{22}$ region. Our calculated spectrum gives an excellent fit to the experimental absorption spectrum. In all cases our calculated exciton binding energies are only slightly smaller than those of semiconducting nanotubes with comparable diameters, in contradiction to results obtained within the {\it ab initio} approach, which predicts much smaller binding energies. We ascribe this difference to the difficulty of determining the behavior of systems with strong on-site Coulomb interactions within theories based on the density functional approach. As in the semiconducting nanotubes we predict in the metallic nanotubes a two-photon exciton above the lowest longitudinally polarized exciton that can be detected by ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy. We also predict a subgap absorption polarized perpendicular to the nanotube axes below the lowest longitudinal exciton, blueshifted from the exact midgap by electron-electron interactions

Immunoglobulin, glucocorticoid, or combination therapy for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a propensity-weighted cohort study

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a hyperinflammatory condition associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, has emerged as a serious illness in children worldwide. Immunoglobulin or glucocorticoids, or both, are currently recommended treatments. Methods: The Best Available Treatment Study evaluated immunomodulatory treatments for MIS-C in an international observational cohort. Analysis of the first 614 patients was previously reported. In this propensity-weighted cohort study, clinical and outcome data from children with suspected or proven MIS-C were collected onto a web-based Research Electronic Data Capture database. After excluding neonates and incomplete or duplicate records, inverse probability weighting was used to compare primary treatments with intravenous immunoglobulin, intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoids alone, using intravenous immunoglobulin as the reference treatment. Primary outcomes were a composite of inotropic or ventilator support from the second day after treatment initiation, or death, and time to improvement on an ordinal clinical severity scale. Secondary outcomes included treatment escalation, clinical deterioration, fever, and coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution. This study is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN69546370. Findings: We enrolled 2101 children (aged 0 months to 19 years) with clinically diagnosed MIS-C from 39 countries between June 14, 2020, and April 25, 2022, and, following exclusions, 2009 patients were included for analysis (median age 8·0 years [IQR 4·2–11·4], 1191 [59·3%] male and 818 [40·7%] female, and 825 [41·1%] White). 680 (33·8%) patients received primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, 698 (34·7%) with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, 487 (24·2%) with glucocorticoids alone; 59 (2·9%) patients received other combinations, including biologicals, and 85 (4·2%) patients received no immunomodulators. There were no significant differences between treatments for primary outcomes for the 1586 patients with complete baseline and outcome data that were considered for primary analysis. Adjusted odds ratios for ventilation, inotropic support, or death were 1·09 (95% CI 0·75–1·58; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids and 0·93 (0·58–1·47; corrected p value=1·00) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Adjusted average hazard ratios for time to improvement were 1·04 (95% CI 0·91–1·20; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, and 0·84 (0·70–1·00; corrected p value=0·22) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Treatment escalation was less frequent for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids (OR 0·15 [95% CI 0·11–0·20]; p<0·0001) and glucocorticoids alone (0·68 [0·50–0·93]; p=0·014) versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Persistent fever (from day 2 onward) was less common with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids compared with either intravenous immunoglobulin alone (OR 0·50 [95% CI 0·38–0·67]; p<0·0001) or glucocorticoids alone (0·63 [0·45–0·88]; p=0·0058). Coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Interpretation: Recovery rates, including occurrence and resolution of coronary artery aneurysms, were similar for primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin when compared to glucocorticoids or intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids. Initial treatment with glucocorticoids appears to be a safe alternative to immunoglobulin or combined therapy, and might be advantageous in view of the cost and limited availability of intravenous immunoglobulin in many countries. Funding: Imperial College London, the European Union's Horizon 2020, Wellcome Trust, the Medical Research Foundation, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research, and National Institutes of Health