30 research outputs found
Small-animal SPECT and SPECT/CT: application in cardiovascular research
Preclinical cardiovascular research using noninvasive radionuclide and hybrid imaging systems has been extensively developed in recent years. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is based on the molecular tracer principle and is an established tool in noninvasive imaging. SPECT uses gamma cameras and collimators to form projection data that are used to estimate (dynamic) 3-D tracer distributions in vivo. Recent developments in multipinhole collimation and advanced image reconstruction have led to sub-millimetre and sub-half-millimetre resolution SPECT in rats and mice, respectively. In this article we review applications of microSPECT in cardiovascular research in which information about the function and pathology of the myocardium, vessels and neurons is obtained. We give examples on how diagnostic tracers, new therapeutic interventions, pre- and postcardiovascular event prognosis, and functional and pathophysiological heart conditions can be explored by microSPECT, using small-animal models of cardiovascular disease
Unmet needs and current and future approaches for osteoporotic patients at high risk of hip fracture
PrevalĂŞncia de anemia e nĂveis sĂ©ricos de hemoglobina em adolescentes segundo estágio de maturidade sexual Prevalence of anemia and hemoglobin serum levels in adolescents according to sexual maturation stage
Durante a adolescĂŞncia o crescimento acelerado promove um aumento nas necessidades nutricionais, inclusive de ferro, tornando os adolescentes um grupo de risco nutricional. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a prevalĂŞncia de anemia e os nĂveis sĂ©ricos de hemoglobina de acordo com o estágio de maturidade sexual em uma amostra representativa composta por 272 adolescentes matriculados em escolas da rede municipal de ensino de Balneário CamboriĂş-SC. A auto-avaliação da maturidade sexual foi realizada segundo os critĂ©rios de Tanner (1962). Os nĂveis sangĂĽĂneos de hemoglobina foram medidos atravĂ©s do sistema HemoCue® e o diagnĂłstico de deficiĂŞncia de ferro foi baseado no critĂ©rio proposto pela Organização Mundial de SaĂşde (2001). Foram consideradas significativas as diferenças ao nĂvel de p<0,05. Foi encontrada prevalĂŞncia de anemia de 31,2%, sem diferença significativa entre os sexos. Os nĂveis de hemoglobina foram significativamente maiores no sexo masculino (p=0,044) e nĂŁo foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os valores mĂ©dios de hemoglobina entre as meninas que haviam atingido a menarca e as que nĂŁo a haviam atingido. NĂŁo foi encontrada associação entre a presença de anemia e o estágio de maturidade sexual dos adolescentes (chi2=1,17; p=0,56). Verificou-se aumento dos nĂveis sĂ©ricos de hemoglobina de acordo com o desenvolvimento sexual no sexo masculino, enquanto no sexo feminino nĂŁo foram encontradas diferenças estatĂsticas nestes valores com os sucessivos estágios puberais. Estes resultados demonstraram uma prevalĂŞncia moderada de anemia e sugerem nĂŁo haver relação entre a anemia e o desenvolvimento puberal na população estudada.<br>Accelerated growth spurt during adolescence leads to increased nutritional requirements, including iron, therefore posing a nutritional risk to adolescents. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia and hemoglobin serum levels according to the sexual maturation stage in a representative sample comprised of 272 adolescents enrolled in public schools in Balneário CamboriĂş, SC. Self-assessment of sexual maturation was carried out according to criteria defined by Tanner (1962). Hemoglobin serum levels were measured through the HemoCue® system and the diagnosis of iron deficiency was based on the cut off points proposed by the World Health Organization (2001). Differences were considered significant at the level of p<0.05. We found a prevalence of 31.2% of anemia without significant differences between genders. Hemoglobin serum levels were significantly higher in boys (p=0.044) than in girls. We did not find significant differences between mean hemoglobin levels of girls who had reached menarche and the ones who had not. There was no statistical association between the presence of anemia and sexual maturation stages of adolescents (chi2=1.17; p=0.56). An increase in mean hemoglobin serum levels was observed along with sexual maturation in boys, but not in girls. The results of the present study showed a moderate prevalence of anemia, but did not point out any relation between anemia and sexual maturation in the population studied