High-pressure enzyme kinetics Lactate dehydrogenase in an optical cell that allows a reaction to be started under high pressure

AbstractA newly designed optical cell allows an enzyme reaction to be started under high pressure and makes it possible to begin measurement of the reaction rate after a ‘dead time’ no longer than 1–2 s. This device was used to study the kinetics of lactate dehydrogenase reaction at 1 kbar. At this pressure lactate dehydrogenase from rabbit muscle exhibited a rapid deactivation in the presence of NADH if pyruvate was absent. After addition of pyruvate the reaction was initiated and proceeded at a constant rate, i.e., without loss of enzyme activity. It is suggested that pyruvate markedly increases the association constant of this tetrameric enzyme

Activation of a complex of ATPase with the natural protein inhibitor in submitochondrial particles

AbstractAlmost all ATPase molecules in submitochondrial particles, isolated from beef heart mitochondria in the presence of MgATP, are in an inactive complex with the natural protein inhibitor (IF1). In de-energized particles at high ionic strength a slow and irreversible ATPase activation is found to occur due to a dissociation of the enzyme-inhibitor complex. The pH-dependence of this process points out that deprotonation of IF1 molecule is an essential step in the dissociation of the complex. Zn2+ sharply accelerates ATPase activation, probably via binding with the deprotonated form of IF1. ATPase activation is completely prevented by MgATP, indicating the formation of a transient enzyme-inhibitor complex retaining ATPase activit

Glueball plus Pion Production in Photon-Photon Collisions.

We here compute the reaction $\gamma \; \gamma \rightarrow G \; \pi^{0}$ for various glueball candidates $G$ and their assumed quantum states, using a non-relativistic gluon bound-state model for the glueball.Comment: To appear in Zeit. fur Phys. C; Plain Latex file, 16 pages; 5 figures appended as a uuencoded postscript file

Twist-3 Distribute Amplitude of the Pion in QCD Sum Rules

We apply the background field method to calculate the moments of the pion two-particles twist-3 distribution amplitude (DA) $\phi_p(\xi)$ in QCD sum rules. In this paper,we do not use the equation of motion for the quarks inside the pion since they are not on shell and introduce a new parameter $m_0^p$ to be determined. We get the parameter $m_0^p\approx1.30GeV$ in this approach. If assuming the expansion of $\phi_p(\xi)$ in the series in Gegenbauer polynomials $C_n^{1/2}(\xi)$, one can obtain its approximate expression which can be determined by its first few moments.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure

Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and antioxidants affect fusion of primary human myoblasts in vitro

Reactive oxygen species are at the origin of muscular fatigue and atrophy. They are also linked to muscular dystrophies, a group of human genetic diseases. Several studies point to the benefits of application of antioxidants and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation to improve the functional activity of normal and pathological muscles. Other studies point to potential dangers of these compounds. Aim. To study the effect of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation on muscle differentiation. Methods. Muscle differentiation was induced by serum starvation and monitored by troponin T staining. Results. the mitochondria-targeted uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation C12TPP, but not the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1, inhibit fusion of primary myoblasts upon their differentiation, but do not affect the synthesis of troponin T, a protein marker of muscle differentiation. Conclusion. The effect of C12TPP could be at least partially mediated by inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production since antioxidant N-acetylcysteine at high doses also inhibited differentiation of myoblasts.Активні форми кисню (АФК) можуть викликати м'язову втому і атрофію м'язів. АФК також пов'язані з м'язовими дистрофії. Безліч досліджень вказує на позитивний вплив антиоксидантів і разобщітелей окисного фосфорилювання на функціональну активність м'язів в нормі та патології. Мета. Вивчити вплив мітохондріальної-спрямованих антиоксидантів і разобщітелей окисного фосфорилювання на диференціювання первинних міобластів людини. Методи. Результати. мітохондріальної-спрямований разобщитель окисного фосфорилювання C12TPP, але не мітохондріальної-спрямований антиоксидант SkQ1, пригнічує злиття міобластів при диференціюванні, при цьому не впливаючи на експресію тропонина Т, білкового маркера м'язової диференціювання. Висновки. Вплив C12TPP може бути частково викликано пригніченням АФК, так як високі концентрації класичного антиоксиданту N-ацетилцистеїну також інгібували диференціювання міобластів людини.Активные формы кислорода (АФК) могут вызывать мышечную усталость и атрофию мышц. АФК также связаны с мышечными дистрофиями. Множество исследований указывает на положительное влияние антиоксидантов и разобщителей окислительного фосфорилирования на функциональную активность мышц в норме и патологии. Цель. Изучить влияние митохондриально-направленных антиоксидантов и разобщителей окислительного фосфорилирования на дифференцировку первичных миобластов человека. Методы. Результаты. митохондриально-направленный разобщитель окислительного фосфорилирования C12TPP, но не митохондриально-направленный антиоксидант SkQ1, ингибирует слияние миобластов при дифференцировке, при этом не влияя на экспрессию тропонина Т, белкового маркера мышечной дифференцировки. Выводы. Влияние C12TPP может быть частично вызвано ингибированием АФК, так как высокие концентрации классического антиоксиданта N-ацетилцистеина также ингибировали дифференцировку миобластов человека

Prolonged lipid oxidation after photodynamic treatment. Study with oxidation-sensitive probe C11-BODIPY581/591

AbstractPhotodynamic treatment (PDT) is an emerging procedure for the therapy of cancer, based on photosensitizers, compounds that generate highly reactive oxygen species on illumination with visible light. Photodynamic peroxidation of cellular lipids is a consequence of PDT associated with cytolethality. We used chloromethyl dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and a novel fluorescent ratiometric oxidation-sensitive probe, C11-BODIPY581/591 (C11-BO), which reports on lipid peroxidation, for visualizing oxidative stress in cells subjected to PDT with a phthalocyanine photosensitizer Pc4. With C11-BO loaded into the cells before or immediately after PDT, we observed a prolonged oxidation, which continued up to 30min after illumination. In contrast, H2O2 caused oxidation of C11-BO only when the cells were in direct contact with H2O2. PDT-induced oxidative stress was most pronounced in vesicular perinuclear organelles, most likely photodamaged lysosomes. We hypothesize that the lysosomal localization of the prolonged oxidative stress is a consequence of the presence of redox-active iron in lysosomes. In conclusion, we have found that oxidative stress induced in cells by PDT differs from one induced by H2O2 in respect of induction of prolonged oxidation of lipids