A Rare Case of High-Grade Urothelial Carcinoma of Renal Pelvis and Proximal Ureter with Divergent Differentiation

Urothelial carcinoma with divergent differentiation is a variant of urothelial carcinoma and it is being increasingly recognized with the increase in awareness and advancement of immunohistochemistry. It is important to quantify the degrees of each differentiation for the prognosis and treatment of the patient. Here, we present a unique case of urothelial carcinoma of Renal pelvis with divergent differentiation showing urothelial, squamous, papillary, glandular, Rhabdoid and Plasmacytoid differentiation

Amoebic Splenic Abscess A Rare Case Report

Primary splenic amoebic infections are rare and more commonly seen in immunocompromised patients. Though amoebic infection is common in tropical regions or areas having poor hygienic practices. It’s the 3rd most common cause of parasitic death and has 15% prevalence in India. Review of literature has shown several species that cause splenic amoebiasis followed by Amoebiasis colitis due to feco-oral transmission. In this case, The entry of amoeba into the spleen may be explained by trauma due to the increased movement of fluid into the injured area. Once in splenic parenchyma, amoeba causes proteolytic destruction and abscess formation. Hence, it is important for pathologists to be aware of this histomorphologic appearance and diagnostic pitfalls when evaluating as its easily curable with the use of metronidazole. Peculiarity: Primary amoebic splenic abscess with colourless thickened pus showing E.coli positivit

Angiomyxolipoma A Rare Variant of Lipoma A Case Report

Angiomyxolipoma is a rare subtype of lipoma, is a tumor of mesenchymal origin, and several subtypes have been described that vary according to their location. It is an admixture of fatty tissue admixed with myxoid stroma and blood vessels. Here we report a case of a 43-year-old man presented with complaints of painless swelling in the left scapular region. Patient underwent for local excision which on histopathologic examination revealed poorly encapsulated lesion with an admixture of lobules of adipocytes, clumps of blood vessels of varying sizes and loose fibrous tissue with myxoid change which was consistent with angiomyxolipoma

Biological evaluation of (3β)-STIGMAST-5-EN-3-OL as potent anti-diabetic agent in regulating glucose transport using in vitro model

AbstractAimInsulin resistance is characterized by alterations in insulin signaling components thereby resulting in reduced glucose uptake. The mechanistic role of (3β)-stigmast-5-en-3-ol in augmenting glucose uptake to overcome insulin resistance is deciphered in this study.Main methodsL6 myotubes, rat skeletal muscle model have been used to check the effect of (3β)-stigmast-5-en-3-ol, a plant phytosterol isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Adathoda vasica on glucose transport. The influence of (3β)-stigmast-5-en-3-ol on various cellular targets of insulin signaling cascade has been evaluated using inhibitors on glucose uptake as well as gene and protein expression to unravel the mechanistic action in triggering glucose uptake.Results(3β)-stigmast-5-en-3-ol promoted glucose uptake in a dose dependent manner under insulin resistant condition. As assessed by inhibitor studies using Genistein (IRTK inhibitor) and Wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor), gene expression and protein expression studies using specific primers and antibodies, an activation of IR-β, IRS-1, PI3K, AKT/PKB, PKC by both the crude and (3β)-stigmast-5-en-3-ol were observed. This suggested that (3β)-stigmast-5-en-3-ol induced glucose uptake functions through the PI3K dependent pathway in L6 myotubes. Both, the crude and (3β)-stigmast-5-en-3-ol activates GLUT 4 transport (evident from increased mRNA levels and redistribution of GLUT4 from intracellular membrane to plasma membrane through translocation studies). Confocal microscopy revealed a substantial increase in redistribution of FITC tagged GLUT4 throughout the cells.ConclusionOur results emphasize the insulin-like effect of (3β)-stigmast-5-en-3-ol in stimulating glucose transport in vitro and provide evidence in its beneficial role possessing antidiabetic property apart from its existing cholesterol lowering efficacy