Synthesis and characterization of binuclear metal phthalocyanine complexes

Hexasulphonated binuclear complexes of copper, nickel and cobalt phthalocyanines, M2PHS . 12H(2)O, where M=Cu, Ni or Co and PHS=Hexasulphonated phthalocyanine] are synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, UV-Vis, Infrared, X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, ESR, TGA and electrical conductivity studies both before and after iodine doping. The remarkable increase in the electrical conductivities similar to 10(6)-10(7) times after iodine doping may be due to the arrangement of molecules in close facial proximity and the presence of partial oxidation states in the arranged molecular stackings

New "molecular metals" based on symmetrically tetrasubstituted copper phthalocyanine complexes

Pure copper(II) tetrasubstituted phthalocyanine complexes, CuPTX (where X = -NO2, -NH2, -SO3H, and -OH) were synthesized. The electrical conductivity properties of these complexes were investigated both before and after iodine doping for the first time. Elemental, electronic, IR, magnetic susceptibility measurements, ESR, X-ray diffraction, and TGA analytical techniques were used to characterize and study the effect of substituents as well as iodine doping. Variation in the electrical conductivity of the copper phthalocyanine derivatives depends on the nature of the substituents and were found to show similar to 10(5) times improved electrical conductivity in comparison to parent unsubstituted copper phthalocyanine. Interestingly, these substituted complexes after iodine doping showed remarkably increased electrical conductivity nearly 10(12) times that of unsubstituted copper phthalocyanine. This may be accounted for by the decrease in the metal-metal bond distance, increase in the approach of the ideal eclipsed system, or due to the combined effects of the above factors

Novel `synthetic metals' based on symmetrically tetrasubstituted nickel phthalocyanines

Nickel(II) 2,9,16,23-tetrasubstituted phthalocyanines, NiPTX (where X = -OH, -NO2, -NH2 and -SO3H) were synthesized in pure state and doped with iodine. Elemental analysis, UV-Vis, infrared, X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility and TGA studies were used to investigate the effects of iodine doping as well as substituents on the properties of the complexes. The electrical conductivity of nickel phthalocyanine derivatives found to depend on the nature of the substituents and showed similar to 10(3)-10(5) times increased electrical conductivity in comparison to parent nickel phthalocyanine. Further, the substitution and iodine doping show remarkably very high improved electrical conductivity nearly 10(11) times the electrical conductivity of nickel phthalocyanine. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved

Preparation and Structural Studies of Metal (Ii)-1,3,8,10,15,17,22,24-Octanitrophthalocyanines

An efficient method for preparing pure 1,3,8,10,15,17,22,24-octanitrophthalocyanine derivatives of copper(II) (CuPON), cobalt(II) (CoPON) and nickel(II) (NiPON) has been developed. Elemental analysis, electronic spectra, i.r. spectra, magnetic susceptibility measurements, thermogravimetry and powder X-ray diffraction studies were done in order to check the purity, structural integrity, thermal stability and crystallinity of these complexes. Susceptibility measurements showed a variation in the magnetic moments of the complexes with magnetic field strength, indicating the presence of intermolecular cooperative effects

A Rapid Safranin-Metal Phthalocyanine Double Staining Technique for Plants

Pure metal 4,4',4-,4'''-tetra-substituted, sulfo-, carboxy- and nitrophthalocyanines were synthesized. Mounted, deparaffinized and partially dehydrated sections of plant tissues were stained with 0.5% safranin in 50% alcohol for 5-10 min. Excess safranin was removed with a series of 70%, 95% and absolute alcohol washes. The sections were then stained for 2-3 min using metal 4,4',4,4'''-phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acid (MPTC, 0.5% (V/V) containing a few drops of dilute sodium hydroxide), metal 4,4',4'',4'''-tetrasulfophthalocyanine (MPTS, 0.5% (V/V)) or metal tetranitrophthalocyanine (MPTN, 0.5% (V/V) in dimethyl sulfoxide). The sections were washed with 95%, then absolute alcohol; however, the metal tetranitrophthalocyanine section was washed only with absolute alcohol. Stained sections were treated briefly with xylene, then mounted on a coverslip. Bright peacock blue (MPTC and MPTS using Cu, Co or Ni), turquoise blue (MPTN using Cu or Ni) or parrot green (zinc phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acid-ZnPTC, zinc phthalocyanine tetranitro derivative-ZnPTN) colors were obtained. Lignin-containing cells were stained red by safranin and the remaining cell structures were stained by the metal phthalocyanine complex with color brightness superior to that of fast green. Uniform staining, no color fading after a year, reliability, brief staining times, high color contrast (log epsilon = 4.0-4.9) and ease of use make this double staining combination ideal for routine use and photomicrography

Description and chromosome number of a species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri (Arthropoda, Diplopoda, Pseudonannolenidae)

Pseudonannolene mesai sp.n. from Biritiba Mirim, State of São Paulo, Brazil, is described and the chromosome number (2n=16) is reported. It was impossible to observe the chromosomal sex determination mechanism