Part 2: A Pilot Ethnomethodological Study

This second paper reports on a small ethnographic study of Argentine psychiatrists. A carefully selected group of six psychiatrists currently practicing in Buenos Aires par- ticipated in an in-depth semi-structured interview. The transcripts of the interviews were coded and a thematic analysis method was applied to construct a local theory of the professional values constructed by Argentine psy- chiatrists, and the circumstances in which such values were constructed. Our analysis indicated that Argentine psychia- trists constructed a number of values, frequently perceived as obligations to their professional group and the needs of their patients. The two main strategies employed by Ar- gentine psychiatrists were the diagnostic act and advocacy. We also identify that these values emerge in the context of recent broad historical and cultural influences upon the profession of psychiatry in Argentina, and the Argentine population in general

Pure state Ne*(*)[|J,M>]-preparation in a magnetic field: polarization effects in ionizing collisions

A compact device (lengh 175 mm) has been built for the energy resolved detection of low energy (1–5 eV) Penning electrons with a 2p solid angle collection efficiency, based on the principle of adiabatic parallelisation of electron motion in a diverging magnetic field. A retarding field analysis is then used as a high pass filter to discriminate between Penning electrons released in collisions of rare gas atoms in metastable and shortlived, laser excited states. The overall detection efficiency is 0.13. The Zeeman-splitting of the atomic levels in the scattering center (maximum B = 222 G) allows the preparation of single magnetic substates |J, MB. By rotating the detector in the collision plane, well defined |J, Mg states can be produced with respect to the relative velocity g, the quantization axis relevant for the collisions. The system has been tested by measuring the collision energy dependence of polarized-atom cross sections JQ|M| for the Ne* [3P2]-Ar and Ne** [3D3]-Ar systems. For the Ne* [3P2] metastable atoms we find 2Q0/2Q2 = 1.55 ± 0.06 and 1.05 ± 0.06 in the thermal and superthermal energy range, respectively, which should be compared to 1.30 of Bregel et al. at thermal energies. For the Ne** [3D3] state we find 3Q0,1/3Q2,3 = 1.65 ± 0.06 and 1.00 ± 0.10 for the same energy ranges

Pure state Ne*(*)[|J,M>]-preparation in a magnetic field: polarization effects in ionizing collisions

A compact device (lengh 175 mm) has been built for the energy resolved detection of low energy (1–5 eV) Penning electrons with a 2p solid angle collection efficiency, based on the principle of adiabatic parallelisation of electron motion in a diverging magnetic field. A retarding field analysis is then used as a high pass filter to discriminate between Penning electrons released in collisions of rare gas atoms in metastable and shortlived, laser excited states. The overall detection efficiency is 0.13. The Zeeman-splitting of the atomic levels in the scattering center (maximum B = 222 G) allows the preparation of single magnetic substates |J, MB. By rotating the detector in the collision plane, well defined |J, Mg states can be produced with respect to the relative velocity g, the quantization axis relevant for the collisions. The system has been tested by measuring the collision energy dependence of polarized-atom cross sections JQ|M| for the Ne* [3P2]-Ar and Ne** [3D3]-Ar systems. For the Ne* [3P2] metastable atoms we find 2Q0/2Q2 = 1.55 ± 0.06 and 1.05 ± 0.06 in the thermal and superthermal energy range, respectively, which should be compared to 1.30 of Bregel et al. at thermal energies. For the Ne** [3D3] state we find 3Q0,1/3Q2,3 = 1.65 ± 0.06 and 1.00 ± 0.10 for the same energy ranges

Clinical and genetic heterogeneity in multifocal vitelliform dystrophy.

Contains fulltext : 51521.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and genetic findings in 15 patients with multifocal vitelliform lesions. METHODS: All patients and, if possible, affected family members underwent an ophthalmic examination and their genomic DNA was analyzed for mutations in the vitelliform macular dystrophy 2 (VMD2) gene. Patients who did not have a mutation in the VMD2 gene were screened for mutations in the peripherin/RDS gene. RESULTS: Patient age at onset of the disease was highly variable, ranging from 5 to 59 years. The peripheral lesions varied in number, size, and overall appearance but showed similar characteristics at autofluorescence imaging and optical coherence tomography compared with the central vitelliform lesion. Mutations in the VMD2 gene were identified in 9 of 15 patients. One patient without a VMD2 mutation carried a sequence variant in the 5' untranslated region of the peripherin/RDS gene. CONCLUSIONS: Multifocal vitelliform dystrophy is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous retinal disease that can be caused by mutations in the VMD2 gene. Other genes associated with this phenotype remain to be identified. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinical and molecular genetic characterization of multifocal vitelliform dystrophy may lead to better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this phenotype and may enable a more accurate prognosis in individual patients

Polarization effects in the ionization cross section of Ar, Kr, and Xe by laser-excited Ne**[(2p)5(3p);J = 3, M] atoms

In a crossed-beam experiment the total ionization cross section for the title systems has been investigated in the range 0.1¿E (eV) ¿4 of collision energies. The population of the short-lived Ne**[(3p);J=3] state is produced by saturated optical pumping of the Ne*[(3s);J=2]¿Ne**[(3p);J=3] two-level system with a polarized laser beam, resulting in a well-determined distribution of the magnetic substrates |J,M> with respect to the relative velocity g. By measuring the ion yield in the scattering center at five different orientations of the laser polarization (linear and circular) with respect to g, the data can be analyzed in terms of pure-state total ionization cross sections Q3|M| corresponding to a single asymptotic state |J,M>. The observed polarization effect at E=0.1 eV is Q3|M|=0,1/Q3|M|=3=2.5, which is in good agreement with the data of Bussert, T. Bregel, R. J. Allan, M. W. Ruf, and H. Hotop [Z. Phys. A 320, 105 (1985)] in the thermal energy range as obtained by analyzing the Penning electrons. This polarization effect decreases to a value of 1.4 for E>2 eV. The results are discussed in terms of semiclassical scattering calculations with an optical potential as input, using a model-potential approach for calculating both the real and the imaginary parts. For the autoionization width this results in a two-state Gs' and Gp' basis for the s' and p' orientations of the (2p)-1 hole, calculated in a one-electron orbital overlap approximation. The preference for the O=0,1 states at E=0.1 eV indicates the correct relative scaling of these two ionization widths, leading to Gs'=79Gp' at R=4.5a0. The observed energy dependence is due to the decrease of "locking" of the total angular momentum J to the internuclear axis R with increasing angular velocity f¿, leading to the dynamical criterion ¿prec=4f¿ for the transition of a space-fixed to a body-fixed description of J. The semiclassical precession frequency ¿prec of J around R is related to the average O splitting of the real part of the optical potential by ¿prec=/h. With these assumptions we observe a good agreement between the experimental results and the semiclassical calculations. Finally, we discuss the validity of a semiclassical locking picture, with emphasis on the difference between locking of the angular momentum versus locking of the electron orbitals involved

Central areolar choroidal dystrophy.

Contains fulltext : 80187.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical characteristics, follow-up data and molecular genetic background in a large group of patients with central areolar choroidal dystrophy (CACD). DESIGN: Retrospective case series study. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred three patients with CACD from the Netherlands. METHODS: Ophthalmologic examination, including color vision testing, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging, optical coherence tomography, full-field electroretinography (ERG), multifocal ERG, and electrooculography. Blood samples were obtained for DNA extraction and subsequent analysis of the peripherin/RDS gene, as well as haplotype analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical characteristics, phenotypic range, clinical follow-up data, and FAF findings. RESULTS: The mean age at onset of visual loss was 46 years, with subsequent gradual deterioration in visual acuity. Ninety-eight patients carried a p.Arg142Trp mutation in peripherin/RDS, whereas 5 affected members of a CACD family carried a p.Arg172Gln peripherin/RDS mutation. A remarkable variation in disease severity was observed, and nonpenetrance was seen up to the age of 64 years, in up to 21% of mutation carriers. However, most macular lesions in mutation carriers displayed a typical stage of CACD. Substantial changes were seen on FAF imaging after a mean follow-up period of 11 months. Electrophysiologic data were consistent with a central cone dystrophy. The age at onset and phenotypic characteristics of CACD show considerable overlap with atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The great majority of p.Arg142Trp-carrying CACD patients originated from the southeast region of the Netherlands, and haplotype analysis strongly suggested a common founder mutation. CONCLUSIONS: When caused by a p.Arg142Trp mutation in the peripherin/RDS gene, CACD causes a central cone dystrophy phenotype. This mutation, which most likely originates from a common founder in most patients, is associated with a significant degree of nonpenetrance. In the elderly patient, CACD may be confused with AMD, especially in cases with decreased penetrance

Polarization effects in the ionization cross section for collisions of excited Ne**{(2p)5(3p); J = 3}) with Ar : a sensitive probe for "locking" phenomena

At a collision energy E=0.1 eV we see a large polarization effect Qion*Mj*=0,1/QionMj*=3=2.5, decreasing to 1.4 for E=1 eV. A two-state basis is used for the autoionization width of the p and s orientations of the (2p)-1 core hole, resulting in a preference for the O=0,1 molecular states as seen at 0.1 eV. The energy dependence is due to the decrease of ‘‘locking’’ of J to the internuclear axis with increasing angular velocity f¿, leading to the semiclassical criterion ¿prec=4f¿ for the transition from a space-fixed to a body-fixed description of J

Polarization effects in the ionization cross section of Ar, Kr, and Xe by laser-excited Ne**[(2p)5(3p);J = 3, M] atoms

In a crossed-beam experiment the total ionization cross section for the title systems has been investigated in the range 0.1¿E (eV) ¿4 of collision energies. The population of the short-lived Ne**[(3p);J=3] state is produced by saturated optical pumping of the Ne*[(3s);J=2]¿Ne**[(3p);J=3] two-level system with a polarized laser beam, resulting in a well-determined distribution of the magnetic substrates |J,M> with respect to the relative velocity g. By measuring the ion yield in the scattering center at five different orientations of the laser polarization (linear and circular) with respect to g, the data can be analyzed in terms of pure-state total ionization cross sections Q3|M| corresponding to a single asymptotic state |J,M>. The observed polarization effect at E=0.1 eV is Q3|M|=0,1/Q3|M|=3=2.5, which is in good agreement with the data of Bussert, T. Bregel, R. J. Allan, M. W. Ruf, and H. Hotop [Z. Phys. A 320, 105 (1985)] in the thermal energy range as obtained by analyzing the Penning electrons. This polarization effect decreases to a value of 1.4 for E>2 eV. The results are discussed in terms of semiclassical scattering calculations with an optical potential as input, using a model-potential approach for calculating both the real and the imaginary parts. For the autoionization width this results in a two-state Gs' and Gp' basis for the s' and p' orientations of the (2p)-1 hole, calculated in a one-electron orbital overlap approximation. The preference for the O=0,1 states at E=0.1 eV indicates the correct relative scaling of these two ionization widths, leading to Gs'=79Gp' at R=4.5a0. The observed energy dependence is due to the decrease of "locking" of the total angular momentum J to the internuclear axis R with increasing angular velocity f¿, leading to the dynamical criterion ¿prec=4f¿ for the transition of a space-fixed to a body-fixed description of J. The semiclassical precession frequency ¿prec of J around R is related to the average O splitting of the real part of the optical potential by ¿prec=/h. With these assumptions we observe a good agreement between the experimental results and the semiclassical calculations. Finally, we discuss the validity of a semiclassical locking picture, with emphasis on the difference between locking of the angular momentum versus locking of the electron orbitals involved

Polarization effects in the ionization cross section for collisions of Ne**{(2p)5(3p);J = 3} with Ar : a sensitive probe for "locking" phenomena [Errata, Phys.Rev.Lett., 62,2369(1989)]

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Novel low-molecular-weight inhibitor of PAI-1 (XR5118) promotes endogenous fibrinolysis and reduces postthrombolysis thrombus growth in rabbits

Elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) have been associated with the occurrence of thrombotic disease, and inhibition of PAI-1 activity in vivo resulted in enhanced thrombolysis and a reduction in reocclusion. Besides monoclonal antibodies and peptides, no suitable agents that are able to block PAI-1 activity are available to date. The present study was designed to test the interaction between a nonantibody, nonpeptide, diketopiperazine-based inhibitor of PAI-1, XR5118, and PAI-1 and to assess the effect of XR5118 on PAI-1 activity in vitro and on in vivo thrombolysis and thrombus growth in an experimental thrombosis model in rabbits. The binding site of XR5118 on the PAI-1 molecule was studied by competitive binding experiments with mapped anti-PAI-1 monoclonal antibodies by use of surface plasmon resonance experiments. XR5118 selectively and competitively inhibited binding of the PAl-1-inhibiting monoclonal antibody CLB-2C8, indicating that binding of XR5118 to PAI-1 takes place at the area between amino acids 110 and 145 of the PAI-1 molecule, which is known to be involved with the binding of PAI-1 to tissue plasminogen activator (TPA). Incubation of plasma or platelet releasate with XR5118 resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of PAI-1 activity. Systemic infusion of XR5118 induced a significant reduction in plasma PAI-1 activity levels from 23.7+/-4.9 to 10.9+/-3.4 IU/mL. Administration of XR5118 resulted in a significant, twofold increase in endogenous thrombolysis compared with the control. Thrombus growth in rabbits receiving both XR5118 and rTPA was significantly attenuated compared with rabbits receiving rTPA alone (13.5+/-2.7% versus 19.9+/-3.8%, respectively). XR5118 binds to PAI-1 and reduces plasma PAI-1 activity levels. Furthermore, XR5118 promotes endogenous thrombolysis and inhibits thrombus accretion and is the first nonpeptide compound with significant anti-PAI-1 activity in vivo in these model