The 4550\u2002\uc5 band system of glyoxal. III. Vibration-rotational analyses for 11 bands of C2D2O2

Rotational analyses have been carried out for 11 bands of the 1Au\u20131Ag (\u3c0*\u2013n) transition of glyoxal-d2 in absorption. Approximately 13\u2002000 lines have been assigned, and rotational and vibrational constants determined by computer methods. The following vibrational frequencies have been determined: \u3bd2\u2032\u2002=\u20021394.42\u2002cm 121, \u3bd4\u2032\u2002=\u2002866.52\u2002cm 121, \u3bd5\u2032\u2002=\u2002499.04\u2002cm 121, \u3bd7\u2032\u2002=\u2002217.36\u2002cm 121, \u3bd5\u2033\u2002=\u2002537.29\u2002cm 121, and \u3bd7\u2033\u2002=\u2002117.98\u2002cm 121. The bands are relatively free from perturbations with the exception of a Coriolis interaction involving the torsional vibration \u3bd7(au) and the C\u2014C=O bending vibration \u3bd12(bu).Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

Floral biology and a pollinator effectiveness test of the diurnal floral visitors of Tabernaemontana undulata Vahl. (Apocynaceae) in the understory of Amazon Rainforest, Brazil

In this paper we examined the floral biology, per-visit effectiveness, frequency of visits and relative abundance of the diurnal floral visitor taxa of T. undulata (Apocynaceae) at two populations located in the primary forest and in a disturbed area connected to the continuous forest. Its hermaphrodite flowers show a long and narrow floral tube and introrse anthers form a cone around the apex of the style head where the pollen is deposited. The stigmatic head has three functional regions, in a complex pollination mechanism favoring cross-pollination. In the pollinator censuses conducted in the primary forest population we registered Eulaema bombiformis. In the disturbed area Euglossa sp. was responsible for visits on T. undulata fl owers. Eulaema bombiformis was not absent in the disturbed area, but preferred to forage on pollen and nectar-rich flowers of two neighboring flowering species. In the primary forest, T. undulata was the only fl owering treelet at the end of the dry season. Signifi cant differences were not observed regarding the frequency of visits and relative abundance among the diurnal flower visitors at both sites. In the per-visit effectiveness experiment among flower visitors, we observed one fruit produced aft er E. bombiformis' visits. Due to the complex breeding system of T. undulata in that it is characterized by very low fruit production even under natural conditions, an indirect measure of pollinator effectiveness is needed in at a future stage of this study in order to clarify the role of these bee species as pollinators of T. undulata